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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 4446-4457, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Requirement of polysialic acid for the migration of the O-2A glial progenitor cell from neurohypophyseal explants
C Wang, G Rougon and JZ Kiss
Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.
While the capacity of O-2A oligodendrocyte progenitors to migrate in cell
culture and during in vivo myelin formation is well documented, little is
known about factors that regulate the motility of these cells. Here, we
report on an in vitro model that allowed us to evaluate the contribution of
alpha 2-8 linked polysialic acid (PSA) to O-2A cell motility. Using explant
cultures of newborn rat neurohypophysis, we observed that individual glial
fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- positive cells rapidly disperse from the
explants, and that cells of the O-2A lineage predominate in the migratory
cell pool. Presumed O-2A progenitor cells had a round or bipolar morphology
and presented both A2B5 and GFAP immunoreactivity. When cultured in medium
containing 10% fetal calf serum, these cells differentiated into
stellate-shaped, A2B5/GFAP-positive type 2 astrocytes. In serum-free medium
most of them developed into O4/galactocerebroside-positive
oligodendrocytes. O-2A lineage cells were found only in a specific
developmental period extending from embryonic day 21 to postnatal day 3. A
monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the alpha 2-8 linked PSA,
characteristic of the embryonic form of NCAM, revealed immunoreactivity on
the surface of O-2A progenitor cells, whereas mature oligodendrocytes, type
2, type 1 astrocytes as well as flat GFAP-negative cells were negative.
Treatment of the explants with endoneuraminidase purified from phage K1,
which specifically removes PSA from the surface of the cell, resulted in a
complete blockade of the dispersion of O-2A lineage population from the
explant. The effects of the enzymatic treatment were both selective and
reversible: migration of GFAP-negative fibroblast-like cells that are
normally PSA negative was not influenced, and upon removal of the enzyme,
cells of the O-2A lineage were readily detectable in the migrating
population. These results provide direct evidence that alpha 2-8 linked PSA
contribute to the motility of O-2A, glial progenitor cells.
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