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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 4716-4730, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Increased expression of the NG2 chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan after brain injury
JM Levine
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook 11794.
Injury to the adult mammalian CNS results in reactive changes among the
glial cells surrounding the site of damage. Recently, an unusual class of
glial cells has been identified within the intact adult rat cerebellum on
the basis of the expression of the NG2 chondroitin- sulfate proteoglycan
(Levine and Card, 1987). To determine whether the cells that express the
NG2 proteoglycan show reactive changes after injury, small puncture lesions
were made into the cerebelli of adult rats, and changes among astrocytes,
microglia and NG2-positive cells were examined using immunohistochemical
staining with cell type- specific marker antibodies. Beginning at 24 hr
after lesion, NG2- positive cells immediately adjacent to the lesion site
bound the anti- NG2 antibodies more heavily than cells within the undamaged
areas of the cerebellum. This increase in anti-NG2 immunoreactivity was
transient, reaching a maximum at 7 d postlesion and declining slowly
thereafter. The increase in anti-NG2 immunoreactivity was accompanied by an
increase in the levels of mRNA encoding the NG2 core protein as
demonstrated by in situ hybridization. NG2-positive cells adjacent to the
lesion site incorporated 3H-thymidine into their nuclei beginning at 24 hr
postlesion and increased in number. Concurrent with these changes,
microglia became activated and increased in number, monocytes invaded the
damaged tissue, and an astrocytic scar formed. These observations
demonstrate that the cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan are a reactive
cell type that responds to brain injury. The increased expression of the
NG2 chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan may contribute to the failure of
damaged CNS axons to regenerate successfully.
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