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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 4769-4779, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Mesencephalic type 1 astrocytes rescue dopaminergic neurons from death induced by serum deprivation
T Takeshima, JM Johnston and JW Commissiong
Neural Transplantation Unit, LMCN-NINDS-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
We have established a primary neuronal culture of the embryonic day 14 rat,
ventral mesencephalic region, centered on the A8, A9, and A10 dopaminergic
nuclei (approximately 1.0 mm3 of tissue). At 16 hr after plating on a
substrate of poly-D-lysine, in a serum-free or serum- supplemented growth
medium, using a microisland culturing method, 95% of the cells stained
positive for neuron-specific enolase, 20% for tyrosine hydroxylase, and
< 5% for vimentin. When the growth medium was supplemented with 10%
fetal calf serum, the percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons
increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the 7th and 10th days in culture,
compared with the percentage present at 16 hr after plating. When cultured
in a serum-free growth medium, the percentage of tyrosine
hydroxylase-positive neurons decreased to < 5% and to 0% by the 5th and
7th days, respectively, while the percentage of GABA-IR neurons increased.
The addition of serum to the serum-free culture rescued dopaminergic
neurons from death induced by serum deprivation. The effect of serum was
dependent both on the time of addition after plating, and on the percentage
added. When the cells were plated in a serum-free medium, on a confluent,
type 1 astrocyte monolayer, prepared from the ventral mesencephalon of the
embryonic day 16 rat, the survival of dopaminergic neurons increased
significantly (p < 0.01) at DIV5, versus survival after plating on
poly-D-lysine. Conditioned medium prepared from the same mesencephalic type
1 astrocyte monolayer also rescued dopaminergic neurons from death. The
rescue mediated by the astrocyte monolayer or the conditioned medium was
not inhibited by the mitotic inhibitor cytosine arabino furanoside (1.0
microM). Type 1 astrocyte monolayers and conditioned media prepared from
the striatum and cerebral cortex of the embryonic day 16 rat had weaker
trophic effects than those mediated by mesencephalic glia. We conclude that
serum deprivation causes the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in a
primary culture of the rat E14 ventral mesencephalon. Type 1 astrocytes or
the conditioned medium from type 1 astrocytes can rescue dopaminergic
neurons from death induced by serum deprivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
WORDS)
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