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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 4794-4805, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Multiple types of ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels are differentially expressed in rabbit brain
T Furuichi, D Furutama, Y Hakamata, J Nakai, H Takeshima and K Mikoshiba
Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
The neuronal Ca2+ signal is induced by a rise in the intracellular free
Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and is thought to be important for higher
brain function. Dynamic changes in [Ca2+]i are affected by the spatial
distributions of various Ca(2+)-increasing molecules (channels and
receptors). The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is an intracellular channel
through which Ca2+ is released from intracellular stores. To define the
contribution of neuronal Ca2+ signaling via the RyR channel, we examined
RyR type-specific gene expression in rabbit brain by in situ hybridization
histochemistry. The neuronal RyR was composed of three distinct types, two
types dominant in skeletal (sRyR) and cardiac (cRyR) muscle, respectively,
and a novel brain type (bRyR). sRyR was distinguished by its high level of
expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. cRyR was predominantly expressed
throughout nearly the entire brain, and was characterized by its markedly
high level of expression in the olfactory nerve layer, layer VI of the
cerebral cortex, the dentate gyrus, cerebellar granule cells, the motor
trigeminal nucleus, and the facial nucleus. bRyR expression was the least
widely distributed throughout the brain, and was high in the hippocampal
CA1 pyramidal layer, caudate, putamen, and dorsal thalamus. This
investigation demonstrates that the heterogeneous distribution of neuronal
RyRs may be implicated in distinct Ca(2+)-associated brain functions.
Moreover, it should be noted that cRyR, a typical CICR channel, is
distributed widely throughout the brain, suggesting that in a variety of
cell types, the amplification of neuronal Ca2+ signals is functionally
accompanied by a rise in [Ca2+]i, such as Ca2+ influx stimulated by
neuronal activity. This widespread distribution of the neuronal RyR family
indicates that Ca2+ signals via the intracellular stores should be
considered in studies of neuronal Ca2+ dynamics.
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