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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 5050-5067, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Binocular interactions in striate cortical neurons of cats reared with discordant visual inputs
YM Chino, EL Smith 3rd, K Yoshida, H Cheng and J Hamamoto
College of Optometry, University of Houston, Texas 77204-6052.
The postnatal development of cortical binocularity is known to be adversely
affected by early abnormal visual experience. However, little information
exists on how the signals from the two eyes are combined in individual
cortical neurons of animals reared with early discordant binocular visual
experience. Since this is a fundamental issue in understanding visual
cortical development, we used extracellular single- unit recording methods
to study binocular integration in striate cortical neurons of strabismic
cats. Specifically, we measured the sensitivity of individual cells to the
relative interocular spatial phase of dichoptically presented drifting
sinusoidal gratings (i.e., to binocular retinal image disparity). Clear
alterations in ocular dominance were observed in all strabismic subjects.
Nevertheless, the majority of cortical neurons exhibited some form of
binocular interactions when both eyes were stimulated together. The most
prominent aspect of cortical physiology in the strabismic animals was the
relatively high prevalence of suppressive binocular interactions.
Suppression was most frequently found in kittens reared with 2 weeks of
early optical dissociation and among adult cats that received 2 weeks of
early optical dissociation and a prolonged recovery period. However,
substantial excitatory binocular interactions were also maintained in these
animals. With an extended period of interocular misalignment (3 or 8
months), all forms of binocular interactions, excitatory and suppressive,
were drastically reduced and a greater number of neurons were truly
monocular. Although the reduction in the strength of binocular interactions
occurred in all units irrespective of their monocular spatial properties,
the effect was more pronounced among those units tuned to higher spatial
frequencies and this spatial- frequency-dependent effect was larger in the
subjects receiving longer periods of binocular dissociation. The results
suggest that the "breakdown" of cortical binocular properties in strabismic
subjects is not an all-or-none process, and that suppressive binocular
interactions may be closely associated with the abnormal binocular
interactions exhibited by strabismic humans. Furthermore, our findings are
consistent with the notion that cortical disparity-detecting mechanisms are
spatial-frequency dependent and, thus, can be selectively altered depending
on an animal's early visual experience.
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