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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 5068-5076, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Extracellular glucose concentration in mammalian brain: continuous monitoring of changes during increased neuronal activity and upon limitation in oxygen supply in normo-, hypo-, and hyperglycemic animals
IA Silver and M Erecinska
Department of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
The concentration of extracellular glucose in anesthetized rat brain was
measured continuously with two types of substrate-specific microelectrodes
in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Extracellular
glucose level increased in hyperglycemia and decreased in hypoglycemia,
paralleling the changes in blood sugar. Increased neuronal activity and in
particular spreading depression, evoked triphasic alterations in
extracellular glucose concentration: an initial rapid fall was followed by
an equally swift overshoot above the baseline and a subsequent return to
it. Limitation in O2 supply led to a decline in extracellular content of
glucose: respiration with 5% O2 reduced the level by 7-20% and that with 3%
O2 by 75-85%. Decreases to undetectable concentrations were seen in
ischemia despite the use of an oxygen-insensitive microglucose sensor.
Restoration of oxygen supply to the brain was accompanied by increases in
extracellular glucose content above the original normoxic level, which
returned to baseline values after 10-15 min. In hyperglycemic animals
ischemia-induced leakage of K+ was delayed while the rate of recovery to
control levels after restitution of blood flow was enhanced. It is
concluded that continuous monitoring of glucose with glucose-specific
microelectrodes provides a new and important insight into brain energy
metabolism.
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[Abstract]
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M. E. Ragozzino, S. N. Pal, K. Unick, M. R. Stefani, and P. E. Gold
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