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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 5105-5119, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Activity of descending propriospinal axons in the turtle hindlimb enlargement during two forms of fictive scratching: phase analyses
A Berkowitz and PS Stein
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.
In the preceding companion article (Berkowitz and Stein, 1994b), we showed
that many descending propriospinal neurons in the turtle were rhythmically
activated during two different motor patterns, fictive rostral scratching
and fictive pocket scratching. In this article, we present phase analyses
of the activity of each such neuron during fictive scratching. Each
neuron's activity was concentrated in a particular phase of the ipsilateral
hip flexor muscle nerve (VP-HP) activity cycle; each had a distinct
"preferred phase." Each neuron's preferred phase during fictive rostral
scratching was similar to its preferred phase during fictive pocket
scratching. This result is consistent with the idea that some descending
propriospinal neurons may contribute to the generation of both rostral
scratching and pocket scratching. Many descending propriospinal neurons
were rhythmically activated during fictive scratching evoked on either side
of the body. This activity may contribute to production of bilateral
hindlimb movements during scratching. It is also possible that synaptic
interactions between the two sides of the spinal cord may be important in
generating the motor patterns for movement of a single hindlimb. In
addition, we present a model which illustrates that a population of
propriospinal neurons, each of which is broadly tuned to a region of the
body surface and is rhythmically activated in a constant phase of the hip
control cycle, could mediate the selection and generation of rostral
scratching and pocket scratching. Thus, the selection of an appropriate
motor pattern and the production of the required knee-hip synergy may each
be distributed over a diverse population of spinal cord neurons. This model
requires that each such neuron project to both knee muscle and hip muscle
motoneurons. According to this model, the process of selecting a motor
pattern would not be completed until knee muscle motoneurons integrate
overlapping excitatory and inhibitory inputs.
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