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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 5437-5452, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Gustatory, olfactory, and visual convergence within the primate orbitofrontal cortex
ET Rolls and LL Baylis
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Behavioral and perceptual responses to food depend on a convergence between
gustatory, olfactory, and visual information. In previous studies a
secondary cortical taste area has been found in the caudolateral
orbitofrontal cortex of the primate. Furthermore, neurons with olfactory
responses have been recorded in a more medial part of the orbitofrontal
cortex, and visual inputs have been shown to influence neurons in an
intermediate region. These studies suggest that the orbitofrontal cortex
may act as a region for convergence of multiple sensory modalities
including chemosensation. In the present study neurons throughout the
caudal two-thirds of the orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque were tested to
gustatory, to olfactory, and to visual stimulation to investigate whether
convergence occurs. Neurons in this region of cortex were found that
responded to stimulation of the taste, olfactory, or visual system. In
addition, some neurons were found with bimodal responses, responding for
example to both taste and olfactory, or taste and visual stimuli. Since
these multimodal neurons were found in very close proximity to unimodal
neurons, and the unimodal sensory neurons were intermingled, it is possible
that the orbitofrontal cortex represents the first cortical area of
convergence for these three modalities in primates.
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