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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 173-189, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Influences of vestibular and visual motion information on the spatial firing patterns of hippocampal place cells
PE Sharp, HT Blair, D Etkin and DB Tzanetos
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520- 8205.
Hippocampal place cells show location-specific firing as animals locomote
in an environment. A possible explanation for these place fields is that
each cell is simply driven by environmental sensory inputs available in its
field. This cannot provide the full explanation, however, since cells can
maintain stable place fields even in the absence of reliable environmental
orienting cues. This suggests the cells are also influenced by
movement-related information, since this is the only available, ongoing
indicator of current location when external orienting cues are not present.
Two candidates for the movement-related information are vestibular
activation, and visual motion. To test for these influences, place cells
were recorded as animals locomoted in a cylindrical apparatus that was made
so that its wall (painted with vertical black and white stripes) and floor
could be independently rotated, to provide visual motion and vestibular
inputs, respectively. The results showed that both these inputs could
influence place fields. Sometimes they caused a predictable locational
shift, so that the field rotated its location on the apparatus floor in a
way that was compatible with the movement indicated by the vestibular
and/or visual motion input. This updating was most reliably obtained when
the two inputs were presented in combination. In other cases, the apparatus
rotations caused unpredictable changes in firing characteristics, so that
cells either stopped firing, or developed place fields that were altered in
overall size, shape, and eccentricity. Interestingly, the probability of
these changes increased with experience with the rotational manipulations,
suggesting a learned component.
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