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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 284-297, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Muscular production of individuated finger movements: the roles of extrinsic finger muscles
MH Schieber
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110.
Individuated finger movements--those in which one or more fingers are moved
relatively independently of the movement or posture of other body
parts--are produced in part by the action of the extrinsic finger muscles.
Flexion/extension movements of the fingers are particularly dependent on
these extrinsic muscles, most of which are multitendoned. How can
contraction of multitendoned muscles move one digit without producing
equivalent motion in other digits? This question was addressed by recording
EMG activity from muscles of the forearm as trained rhesus monkeys
performed flexion and extension individuated movements of each digit of the
hand and of the wrist. Recordings showed that during movements of different
fingers, a given muscle could act as an agonist, antagonist, or stabilizer
of the digits it serves. Furthermore, during a given finger movement,
several different muscles typically were active. A three-level connection
model was developed that computed the relative motion of the digits during
each finger movement based on the changes in EMG activity in the recorded
muscles. The model showed that EMG activity changes in the extrinsic finger
muscles, and the thenar muscles, could account for most of the motion of
both the instructed digit and noninstructed digits. These results indicate
that individuated finger movements were produced not by independent sets of
muscles acting on each digit, but by the activity of several muscles, many
of which act on more than one digit, combined such that the net effect was
movement of one digit more than others.
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