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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 6700-6719, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Modeling direction selectivity of simple cells in striate visual cortex within the framework of the canonical microcircuit
H Suarez, C Koch and R Douglas
Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
Nearly all models of direction selectivity (DS) in visual cortex are based
on feedforward connection schemes, where geniculate input provides all
excitatory synaptic input to both pyramidal and inhibitory neurons.
Feedforward inhibition then suppresses feedforward excitation for
nonoptimal stimuli. Anatomically, however, the majority of asymmetric,
excitatory, synaptic contacts onto cortical cells is provided by other
cortical neurons, as embodied in the Canonical Microcircuit of Douglas and
Martin (1991). In this view, weak geniculate input is strongly amplified in
the preferred direction by the action of intracortical excitatory
connections, while in the null direction inhibition reduces
geniculate-induced excitation. We investigate analytically and through
biologically realistic computer simulations the functioning of a cortical
network based on massive excitatory, cortico-cortical feedback. The
behavior of this network is compared to physiological data as well as to
the behavior of a purely feedforward model of DS based on nonlagged input.
Our model explains a number of puzzling features of direction selective
simple cells, including the small somatic input conductance changes that
have been measured experimentally during stimulation in the null direction,
and the persistence of DS while fully blocking inhibition in a single cell.
Although the operation at the heart of our network is amplification, the
network passes the linearity test of (Jagadeesh et al., 1993). We make
specific predictions concerning the effect of selective blockade of
cortical inhibition on the velocity-response curve.
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