Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 6987-6998, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Strategies for the generation of neuronal diversity in the developing central nervous system
SK McConnell
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
During development, the neural tube produces a large diversity of neuronal
phenotypes from a morphologically homogeneous pool of precursor cells. In
recent years, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which specific types
of neurons are generated have been explored, in the hope of discovering
features common to development throughout the nervous system. This article
focuses on three strategies employed by the CNS to generate distinct
classes of neuronal phenotypes during development: dorsal-ventral
polarization in the spinal cord, segmentation in the hindbrain, and a
lamination in the cerebral cortex. The mechanisms for neurogenesis
exemplified by these three strategies range from a relatively rigid, cell
lineage-dependent specification with a high degree of subservance to early
patterns of gene expression, to inductions and cell-cell interactions that
determine cell fates more flexibly.