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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 7079-7094, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Interactions between location and task affect the spatial and directional firing of hippocampal neurons
EJ Markus, YL Qin, B Leonard, WE Skaggs, BL McNaughton and CA Barnes
ARL Division of Neural Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
When rats forage for randomly dispersed food in a high walled cylinder the
firing of their hippocampal "place" cells exhibits little dependence on the
direction faced by the rat. On radial arm mazes and similar tasks, place
cells are strongly directionally selective within their fields. These tasks
differ in several respects, including the visual environment, configuration
of the traversable space, motor behavior (e.g., linear and angular
velocities), and behavioral context (e.g., presence of specific, consistent
goal locations within the environment). The contributions of these factors
to spatial and directional tuning of hippocampal neurons was systematically
examined in rats performing several tasks in either an enriched or a sparse
visual environment, and on different apparati. Place fields were more
spatially and directionally selective on a radial maze than on an open,
circular platform, regardless of the visual environment. On the platform,
fields were more directional when the rat searched for food at fixed
locations, in a stereotypic and directed manner, than when the food was
scattered randomly. Thus, it seems that place fields are more directional
when the animal is planning or following a route between points of special
significance. This might be related to the spatial focus of the rat's
attention (e.g., a particular reference point). Changing the behavioral
task was also accompanied by a change in firing location in about one-third
of the cells. Thus, hippocampal neuronal activity appears to encode a
complex interaction between locations, their significance and the behaviors
the rat is called upon to execute.
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