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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 7315-7322, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Basal forebrain cholinergic lesions disrupt increments but not decrements in conditioned stimulus processing
AA Chiba, DJ Bucci, PC Holland and M Gallagher
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
Magnocellular neurons in the basal forebrain provide the major cholinergic
innervation of cortex. Recent research suggests that this cholinergic
system plays an important role in the regulation of attentional processes.
The present study examined the ability of rats with selective immunotoxic
lesions of these neurons (made with 192 IgG- saporin) to modulate attention
within an associative learning framework. Each rat was exposed to
conditioned stimuli (CS) that were either consistent or inconsistent
predictors of subsequent cues. Intact control rats showed increased CS
associability when that cue was an inconsistent predictor of a subsequent
cue, whereas lesioned rats were impaired in increasing attention to the CS
when its established relation to another cue was modified. In a separate
experiment designed to test latent inhibition, it was shown that removal of
the corticopetal cholinergic neurons spared a decrement in associability
that occurs when rats are extensively preexposed to a CS prior to
conditioning. These data indicate that the cholinergic innervation of
cortex is critical for incrementing, but not for decrementing attentional
processing. The specific behavioral tests used to assess the role of the
basal forebrain cholinergic system in the present study were previously
used to identify a role for the amygdala central nucleus in attention
(Holland and Gallagher, 1993b). Those studies, together with the results in
this report, indicate that regulation of attentional processes during
associative learning may be mediated by projections from the amygdala to
the basal forebrain cholinergic system.
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