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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 7517-7527, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Transient versus persistent functional and structural changes associated with facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses are second messenger dependent
F Wu, L Friedman and S Schacher
Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Increases in activity of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C
(PKC) contribute to short-term facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor
synapses evoked by serotonin (5-HT). We report here that increasing levels
of cAMP in sensory neurons evokes increases in both synaptic efficacy and
in the number of sensory neuron varicosities contacting the major axons of
motor cell L7 at intermediate times (3 hr) that persist for 24 hr.
Treatment with phorbol esters results in a large transient increase in
synaptic efficacy that is accompanied by a large transient increase in the
number of sensory neuron varicosities with the newest varicosities most
susceptible to elimination. The reversal of the synaptic facilitation and
the structural changes does not appear to be the result of long-term
inhibitory actions of persistent PKC activation by phorbol esters, since
changes in synaptic efficacy can be evoked by additional applications of
either phorbol esters or 5-HT. The short-lived changes in structure evoked
by phorbol esters occur in preexisting sensory neurites and not by new
growth, since increases in PKC activity with phorbol esters lead to
reductions in neurite extension and to retractions by sensory neuron growth
cones. The action of phorbol esters on growth cone extension is reversible
with washout. The results suggest that increases in PKA and PKC activities
by 5-HT contribute to short (minutes) and intermediate (hours) forms of
facilitation of sensorimotor synapses while increases in PKA activity also
mediate long-term (days) maintenance of synaptic facilitation.
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