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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 7796-7809, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Regional patterns of c-fos mRNA expression in rat hippocampus following exploration of a novel environment versus performance of a well-learned discrimination
US Hess, G Lynch and CM Gall
Department of Psychobiology, University of California at Irvine 92717, USA.
Previous studies using c-fos cRNA in situ hybridization demonstrated a
differential involvement of hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3 in the
acquisition of an olfactory discrimination (Hess et al., 1995). The present
experiments employed the same method to examine changes in neuronal
activity associated with two related behaviors: (1) initial exploration of
the training apparatus and (2) performance of a well- learned odor
discrimination. Rats in the two groups had similar labeling patterns within
hippocampus indicating increased expression in all three major subfields
with the greatest effect being in CA1. This pattern of "CA1 dominance" was
notably different from that produced during early stages of two-odor
discrimination learning in prior experiments. Hippocampal labeling in
exploration and performance rats differed in that (1) hybridization was
greater in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus in the former group and (2) a
tendency for labeled cells to occur in clusters was more evident in
exploration animals. Levels of c-fos mRNA in olfactory and visual
structures were not predictive of expression patterns within hippocampus
although labeling in piriform cortex and dentate gyrus was correlated in
rats performing a well- practiced discrimination. Moreover, the pattern of
hybridization in olfactory bulb was found to be behaviorally dependent.
These results, together with those from previous studies, indicate that
hippocampus has multiple patterns of regional activation but that one of
these is common to very different behavioral circumstances. It is
hypothesized that this common pattern emerges whenever the animal responds
to distant cues using species-specific or well-learned behaviors and
involves coordinated temporal convergence of sensory and septal/brainstem
inputs.
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