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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 1236-1248, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Migratory paths of neurons and glia in the embryonic chick spinal cord
SM Leber and JR Sanes
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
To study the migration of chick spinal cord neurons, we labeled individual
cells in the ventricular zone with recombinant retroviruses, then
identified their progeny histochemically. First, we analyzed cell mixing in
the ventricular zone. Some clones labeled at early neural tube stages
spread widely along both the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal axes. However,
clones labeled later were confined to narrow domains along both axes. These
results imply that displacement of cells within the ventricular zone
becomes progressively restricted. Second, we studied the migration of cells
out of the ventricular zone by infecting embryos at a fixed stage and
varying the time of analysis. At first, most clones consisted of radial
arrays of cells, suggesting that the initial migration is predominantly
radial. In many clones, however, neurons turned orthogonally from parental
radial arrays and migrated along the path of circumferentially oriented
axons. By hatching, clonally related cells in the gray matter were usually
distributed in narrow transverse slabs, but some white matter glial cells
had migrated longitudinally for up to several segments. We conclude that
the dispersal of clonally related cells results from (1) early mixing of
progenitors within the neural tube; (2) radial stacking of progeny in the
ventricular zone; (3) migration of progeny from the ventricular zone in
spoke-like routes; (4) circumferential migration of some neurons along
axons; (5) short-distance dispersal of differentiating neurons; and (6) a
late, longitudinal migration of glia through white matter tracts. Finally,
we show that floor plate cells differ from other spinal cord cells in both
their lineage and migration patterns.
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