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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 1741-1754, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Genetic analysis of Drosophila neurons: Shal, Shaw, and Shab encode most embryonic potassium currents
S Tsunoda and L Salkoff
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
In this study, we perform the first genetic analysis of K+ currents in
Drosophila embryonic neurons revealing the identity of the currents
present. Unlike muscles, where the presence of Shaker is obvious, Shaker
currents are not detectable in these neurons. In contrast, we show that
Shal is as important in these neuronal cell bodies as Shaker is in muscles.
Only three single-channel currents were found, all of which are genetically
separable. Shal encodes a 4 pS transient channel. Whole-cell Shal currents
have a wide variety of inactivation rates which, in contrast to a mechanism
such as heteromultimer formation, is due to single Shal channels assuming
different gating modes. Shaw encodes a 42 pS noninactivating channel
distinctive for its extremely low voltage sensitivity; Shaw channels have a
total equivalent gating charge of 0.90 e- charges, in sharp contrast to 7
e- reported for Shaker channels. An 11 pS slowly inactivating channel also
present in these neurons may be encoded by the Shab gene. Thus, of four
voltage- dependent K+ channel genes now cloned in Drosophila, all except
Shaker appear to be expressed in the cell bodies of these neurons. It is
only in Drosophila that a study such as this one can be done. Because
Drosophila contains only a single member of each of the four subfamilies of
K+ channel genes (unlike mammals), we can eliminate an entire subfamily
with a mutation to a single gene. Here, we have examined the effect of
eliminating each of three subfamilies. Such a task is presently impossible
to accomplish in any mammalian system.
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