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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 2312-2327, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Involvement of subcortical and cortical afferents to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in fear conditioning measured with fear- potentiated startle in rats trained concurrently with auditory and visual conditioned stimuli
S Campeau and M Davis
Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
The goal of this work was to test the involvement, in fear conditioning, of
afferents to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala originating from the
auditory thalamus, auditory cortex, and perirhinal area. The acoustic
startle reflex was used as the behavioral index of conditioning because it
is reliably enhanced in the presence of a conditioned stimulus (CS)
previously paired with a footshock. Auditory and visual CSs were used to
assess the modality specificity of lesions to the above brain areas. Pre-
or posttraining lesions of the entire auditory thalamus including the
ventral, dorsal, and medial divisions of the medial geniculate body, the
posterior intralaminar nucleus, and the suprageniculate nucleus, completely
blocked fear-potentiated startle to the auditory CS, but had no effect on
fear-potentiated startle to the visual CS. Posttraining lesions mostly
restricted to the ventral and dorsal divisions of the medial geniculate
body specifically disrupted fear-potentiated startle to the auditory CS.
However, retraining in rats sustaining ventral and dorsal medial geniculate
body lesions led to reliable fear-potentiated startle to the auditory CS.
Posttraining lesions mostly restricted to the medial division of the medial
geniculate body, posterior intralaminar, and suprageniculate nuclei did not
disrupt fear-potentiated startle. These results indicate that the auditory
thalamus is specifically involved, through either its direct or indirect
amygdaloid afferents, in fear conditioning to auditory CSs. Pre- or
posttraining lesions mostly restricted to the primary auditory cortex did
not reliably attenuate fear-potentiated startle to the auditory or visual
CSs. Extensive posttraining lesions of the perirhinal area (including
secondary auditory cortices), but not its rostral aspect alone, blocked
fear-potentiated startle to both CSs. However, reliable potentiated startle
was observed to both CSs following similarly extensive pretraining lesions
of the perirhinal area. Because post- but not pretraining lesions of the
perirhinal area blocked fear-potentiated startle nonspecifically, at least
with regard to auditory and visual CSs, the results are consistent with the
involvement of the perirhinal area in general memory functions such as
information storage or retrieval. Alternatively, the secondary auditory
and/or perirhinal cortices might function as multimodal sensory relays to
the amygdala.
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