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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 3408-3417, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Osmotic responsiveness and cross talk involving oxytocin, but not vasopressin or amino acids, between the supraoptic nuclei in virgin and lactating rats
I Neumann, R Landgraf, L Bauce and QJ Pittman
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany.
Lactation is associated with complex changes of the hypothalamo-
neurohypophysial system, and oxytocin released within the hypothalamic
supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei may serve as a signal of
communication between the magnocellular nuclei in lactating rats. In the
first study, the intranuclear and peripheral release patterns of oxytocin
and vasopressin in response to intraperitoneal hypertonic saline were
studied in virgin and lactating rats to determine if the reduced
osmoresponsiveness of the oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic systems during
lactation is reflected by reduced release not only into blood, but also
within the SON. Simultaneous microdialysis was performed within the SON and
the jugular vein before and up to 6 hr after peripheral osmotic stimulation
(3.0 M NaCl, 0.6 ml/100 gm body weight, i.p.). There was an immediate
increase in secretion of both oxytocin and vasopressin into blood, whereas
peptide release within the SON was delayed and peaked after 4-5 hr.
Peripheral release of both peptides was significantly reduced in lactating
animals, whereas within the SON release of oxytocin, but not vasopressin,
was significantly reduced during lactation. In the second study, cross talk
between the SONs--another phenomenon which seems to be characteristic for
lactation- -was studied. Microdialysis of one SON with hypertonic perfusion
medium (with 1 M NaCl) significantly increased the release of oxytocin,
vasopressin, and various amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, serine,
glutamine, gamma amino butyric acid, and arginine) within the ipsilateral
SON. In contrast to virgin female and male animals, this unilateral
stimulation of the SON resulted in a transiently increased release of
oxytocin in the contralateral SON of lactating rats. The release of
vasopressin and amino acids within the contralateral SON of lactating rats
remained unchanged, indicating specific activation of contralateral
oxytocinergic neurons.
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