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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 3667-3678, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
A novel cholinergic "slow effect" of efferent stimulation on cochlear potentials in the guinea pig
TS Sridhar, MC Liberman, MC Brown and WF Sewell
Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114-3096, USA.
This report documents slow changes in cochlear responses produced by
electrical stimulation of the olivocochlear bundle (OCB), which provides
efferent innervation to the hair cells of the cochlea. These slow changes
have time constants of 25-50 sec, three orders of magnitude slower than
those reported previously. Such "slow effects" are similar to classically
described "fast effects" in that (1) they comprise a suppression of the
compound action potential (CAP) of the auditory nerve mirrored by an
enhancement of the cochlear microphonic potential (CM) generated largely by
the outer hair cells; (2) the magnitude of suppression decreases as the
intensity of the acoustic stimulus increases; (3) they share the same
dependence on OCB stimulation rate; (4) both are extinguished upon cutting
the OCB; and (5) both are blocked with similar concentrations of a variety
of cholinergic antagonists as well as with strychnine and bicuculline.
These observations suggest that both fast and slow effects are mediated by
the same receptor and are produced by conductance changes in outer hair
cells. Slow effects differ from fast effects in that (1) fast effects are
greatest for acoustic stimulus frequencies between 6 and 10 kHz, whereas
slow effects peak for frequencies from 12 to 16 kHz, and (2) fast effects
persist over long periods of OCB stimulation, whereas slow effects diminish
after 60 sec of stimulation. The time course of the slow effects can be
described mathematically by assuming that each shock-burst produces, in
addition to a fast effect, a small decrease in CAP amplitude that decays
exponentially with a time constant that is long relative to the intershock
interval. The long time constant of the slow effect compared to the fast
effect suggests that it may arise from a distinct intracellular mechanism,
possibly mediated by second- messenger systems.
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