 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 3716-3729, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: uncrossed axons diverge from crossed axons within a midline glial specialization
RC Marcus, R Blazeski, P Godement and CA Mason
Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
A long-standing question is how fiber pathways in the mammalian CNS project
to both sides of the brain. Static and real-time analyses of dye-labeled
retinal axons (Godement et al., 1990, 1994) have demonstrated that at
embryonic day 15-17 in the mouse, crossed and uncrossed axons from each eye
diverge in a zone 100-200 microns proximal to the midline of the optic
chiasm. In this study, we identify cellular specializations in this zone
that might serve as cues for retinal axon divergence. Second, using growth
cone morphology as an indicator of growth cone destination, we analyzed how
crossed and uncrossed retinal growth cones related to these cellular
components. Monoclonal antibody RC2, a marker for radial glia in embryonic
mouse CNS, revealed a palisade of radial glia straddling the midline. At
the midline, a thin raphe of cells that appear morphologically distinct
from the radial glia express a free carbohydrate epitope, stage- specific
embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1). Sections containing Dil-labeled axons and
immunolabeled cells indicated that all axons enter the radial glial
palisade. Uncrossed axons turn within the palisade, but never beyond the
raphe of SSEA-1-positive cells. In addition, ultrastructural analysis
indicated that all growth cones contact radial glia, with projections of
the growth cone interdigitating with glial fibers. These results
demonstrate that retinal axons diverge within a cellular specialization
centered around the midline of the developing optic chiasm, consistent with
the hypothesis that cues for divergence are located in this zone.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
N. M. Tian, T. Pratt, and D. J. Price
Foxg1 regulates retinal axon pathfinding by repressing an ipsilateral program in nasal retina and by causing optic chiasm cells to exert a net axonal growth-promoting activity
Development,
December 15, 2008;
135(24):
4081 - 4089.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Garcia-Frigola, M. I. Carreres, C. Vegar, C. Mason, and E. Herrera
Zic2 promotes axonal divergence at the optic chiasm midline by EphB1-dependent and -independent mechanisms
Development,
May 15, 2008;
135(10):
1833 - 1841.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Thompson, O. Camand, D. Barker, and L. Erskine
Slit Proteins Regulate Distinct Aspects of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance within Dorsal and Ventral Retina
J. Neurosci.,
August 2, 2006;
26(31):
8082 - 8091.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Pratt, C. D. Conway, N. M. M.-L. Tian, D. J. Price, and J. O. Mason
Heparan sulphation patterns generated by specific heparan sulfotransferase enzymes direct distinct aspects of retinal axon guidance at the optic chiasm.
J. Neurosci.,
June 28, 2006;
26(26):
6911 - 6923.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Manzini, M. S. Ward, Q. Zhang, M. D. Lieberman, and C. A. Mason
The stop signal revised: immature cerebellar granule neurons in the external germinal layer arrest pontine mossy fiber growth.
J. Neurosci.,
May 31, 2006;
26(22):
6040 - 6051.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Seth, J. Culverwell, M. Walkowicz, S. Toro, J. M. Rick, S. C. F. Neuhauss, Z. M. Varga, and R. O. Karlstrom
belladonna/(lhx2) is required for neural patterning and midline axon guidance in the zebrafish forebrain
Development,
February 15, 2006;
133(4):
725 - 735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. F. Barresi, L. D. Hutson, C.-B. Chien, and R. O. Karlstrom
Hedgehog regulated Slit expression determines commissure and glial cell position in the zebrafish forebrain
Development,
August 15, 2005;
132(16):
3643 - 3656.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Herrera, R. Marcus, S. Li, S. E. Williams, L. Erskine, E. Lai, and C. Mason
Foxd1 is required for proper formation of the optic chiasm
Development,
November 15, 2004;
131(22):
5727 - 5739.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Pratt, N. M. M.-L. Tian, T. I. Simpson, J. O. Mason, and D. J. Price
The winged helix transcription factor Foxg1 facilitates retinal ganglion cell axon crossing of the ventral midline in the mouse
Development,
August 1, 2004;
131(15):
3773 - 3784.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shu, Y. Li, A. Keller, and L. J. Richards
The glial sling is a migratory population of developing neurons
Development,
July 1, 2003;
130(13):
2929 - 2937.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shu, K. G. Butz, C. Plachez, R. M. Gronostajski, and L. J. Richards
Abnormal Development of Forebrain Midline Glia and Commissural Projections in Nfia Knock-Out Mice
J. Neurosci.,
January 1, 2003;
23(1):
203 - 212.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sharrow and M. Tiemeyer
Gliolectin-mediated carbohydrate binding at the Drosophila midline ensures the fidelity of axon pathfinding
Development,
November 15, 2001;
128(22):
4585 - 4595.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Jeffery
Architecture of the Optic Chiasm and the Mechanisms That Sculpt Its Development
Physiol Rev,
October 1, 2001;
81(4):
1393 - 1414.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shu and L. J. Richards
Cortical Axon Guidance by the Glial Wedge during the Development of the Corpus Callosum
J. Neurosci.,
April 15, 2001;
21(8):
2749 - 2758.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Erskine, S. E. Williams, K. Brose, T. Kidd, R. A. Rachel, C. S. Goodman, M. Tessier-Lavigne, and C. A. Mason
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm: Expression and Function of Robos and Slits
J. Neurosci.,
July 1, 2000;
20(13):
4975 - 4982.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Skaliora, R. Adams, and C. Blakemore
Morphology and Growth Patterns of Developing Thalamocortical Axons
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 2000;
20(10):
3650 - 3662.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Garel, M Garcia-Dominguez, and P Charnay
Control of the migratory pathway of facial branchiomotor neurones
Development,
January 12, 2000;
127(24):
5297 - 5307.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Alvarez-Bolado, X Zhou, A. Voss, T Thomas, and P Gruss
Winged helix transcription factor Foxb1 is essential for access of mammillothalamic axons to the thalamus
Development,
January 3, 2000;
127(5):
1029 - 1038.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bertuzzi, R. Hindges, S. H. Mui, D. D.M. O'Leary, and G. Lemke
The homeodomain protein Vax1 is required for axon guidance and major tract formation in the developing forebrain
Genes & Dev.,
December 1, 1999;
13(23):
3092 - 3105.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Rossler, L. A. Oland, M. R. Higgins, J. G. Hildebrand, and L. P. Tolbert
Development of a Glia-Rich Axon-Sorting Zone in the Olfactory Pathway of the Moth Manduca sexta
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 1999;
19(22):
9865 - 9877.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Deiner and D. W. Sretavan
Altered Midline Axon Pathways and Ectopic Neurons in the Developing Hypothalamus of Netrin-1- and DCC-Deficient Mice
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 1999;
19(22):
9900 - 9912.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Davenport, E. Thies, R. Zhou, and P. G. Nelson
Cellular Localization of Ephrin-A2, Ephrin-A5, and Other Functional Guidance Cues Underlies Retinotopic Development across Species
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 1998;
18(3):
975 - 986.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-C. Rogers, A.-J. Silverman, and M. J. Gibson
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Axons Target the Median Eminence: In Vitro Evidence for Diffusible Chemoattractive Signals from the Mediobasal Hypothalamus
Endocrinology,
September 1, 1997;
138(9):
3956 - 3966.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Mason and L.-C. Wang
Growth Cone Form Is Behavior-Specific and, Consequently, Position-Specific along the Retinal Axon Pathway
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 1997;
17(3):
1086 - 1100.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wong, W. Yu, and T. O'Connor
Transmembrane grasshopper Semaphorin I promotes axon outgrowth in vivo
Development,
January 9, 1997;
124(18):
3597 - 3607.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Macdonald, J Scholes, U Strahle, C Brennan, N Holder, M Brand, and S. Wilson
The Pax protein Noi is required for commissural axon pathway formation in the rostral forebrain
Development,
January 6, 1997;
124(12):
2397 - 2408.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-T. Kim and C.-F. Wu
Reduced Growth Cone Motility in Cultured Neurons from Drosophila Memory Mutants with a Defective cAMP Cascade
J. Neurosci.,
September 15, 1996;
16(18):
5593 - 5602.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Metin and P. Godement
The Ganglionic Eminence May Be an Intermediate Target for Corticofugal and Thalamocortical Axons
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1996;
16(10):
3219 - 3235.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Karlstrom, T Trowe, S Klostermann, H Baier, M Brand, A. Crawford, B Grunewald, P Haffter, H Hoffmann, S. Meyer, et al.
Zebrafish mutations affecting retinotectal axon pathfinding
Development,
January 12, 1996;
123(1):
427 - 438.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Marcus, L. Wang, and C. Mason
Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: midline cells are unaffected by the albino mutation
Development,
January 3, 1996;
122(3):
859 - 868.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
