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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 3796-3807, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Damage limited to the hippocampal region produces long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys
P Alvarez, S Zola-Morgan and LR Squire
Group in Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
Research in humans and monkeys has demonstrated a system of anatomically
related structures in the medial temporal lobe that is important for memory
function. This system is comprised of the hippocampal region (i.e., the
dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper and subicular complex) and the
entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. While the hippocampal
region has long been thought to be important in memory, there are few
systematic studies in primates of the effects on memory of damage limited
to the hippocampal region. We have used magnetic resonance imaging
techniques, together with a stereotaxic approach, to produce bilateral
lesions limited to the hippocampal region (the H lesion). Damage to the
adjacent perirhinal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal cortex was minimal.
Monkeys with the H lesion exhibited significant and long-lasting impairment
on the delayed non-matching to sample task. At the same time, on this and
other amnesia-sensitive tasks, monkeys with the H lesion performed better
overall than monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal region that also
included damage to the adjacent entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices
(the H+ lesion). These findings show that, first, the hippocampal region
itself is essential for normal memory function; and second, the adjacent
entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, either alone or in combination,
are also an essential component of the medial temporal lobe memory system.
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