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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 3952-3969, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells
F Zafra, C Aragon, L Olivares, NC Danbolt, C Gimenez and J Storm-Mathisen
Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
Glycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and
brainstem and is also required for the activation of NMDA receptors. The
extracellular concentration of this neuroactive amino acid is regulated by
at least two glycine transporters (GLYT1 and GLYT2). To study the
localization and properties of these proteins, sequence- specific
antibodies against the cloned glycine transporters have been raised.
Immunoblots show that the 50-70 kDa band corresponding to GLYT1 is
expressed at the highest concentrations in the spinal cord, brainstem,
diencephalon, and retina, and, in a lesser degree, to the olfactory bulb
and brain hemispheres, whereas it is not detected in peripheral tissues.
Pre-embedding light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry show that
GLYT1 is expressed in glial cells around both glycinergic and
nonglycinergic neurons except in the retina, where it is expressed by
amacrine neurons, but not by glia. The expression of a 90-110 kDa band
corresponding to GLYT2 is restricted to the spinal cord, brain-stem, and
cerebellum; in addition, very low levels occur in the diencephalon. GLYT2
is found in presynaptic elements of neurons thought to be glycinergic.
However, in the cerebellum, GLYT2 is expressed both in terminal boutons and
in glial elements. The physiological consequences of the regional and
cellular distributions of these two proteins as well as the possibility of
the existence of an unidentified neuronal form of GLYT1 are discussed.
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