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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4209-4222, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Synaptic differentiation of a single motor neuron: conjoint definition of transmitter release, presynaptic calcium signals, and ultrastructure
RL Cooper, L Marin and HL Atwood
Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada.
The opener muscle in the walking legs of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
is innervated by only one excitatory motor neuron, yet excitatory
postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of proximal fibers are eightfold larger
than those of central muscle fibers at low frequencies of activation, due
in large measure to differences in presynaptic properties. We investigated
quantal release properties, calcium signals, and ultrastructure of
presynaptic terminals to elucidate factors that could account for the
physiological differences. Focal macropatch electrodes were placed over
individual visualized terminal varicosities to obtain records of quantal
contributions to the excitatory junctional current (EJC). At low
frequencies of activation, mean quantal content is greater for proximal
than for central varicosities. This difference is due to a higher
probability of release per synapse, and not to a larger number of active
synapses. Recorded varicosities were labeled with fluorescent beads
deposited by the electrode. These beads adhered to the muscle fibers,
outlining the recorded site for subsequent serial thin sectioning and
reconstruction from electron micrographs. Comparisons of structure and
function were made for individual varicosities. The number of active zones
per terminal surface area and the number of synapses with multiple active
zones (complex synapses) were greater in high-output varicosities. Calcium
indicators were loaded into proximal and central nerve terminals by axonal
injection to compare the relative differences in calcium buildup during
stimulation. Presynaptic calcium signals were larger for proximal
varicosities than for central varicosities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS)
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