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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4343-4355, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Bilateral control of hindlimb scratching in the spinal turtle: contralateral spinal circuitry contributes to the normal ipsilateral motor pattern of fictive rostral scratching
PS Stein, JC Victor, EC Field and SN Currie
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
In a spinal turtle, unilateral stimulation in the rostral scratch receptive
field elicited rhythmic fictive rostral scratching in ipsilateral hindlimb
motor neurons; contralateral hip motor activity was also rhythmic and
out-of-phase with ipsilateral hip motor activity. When left and right
rostral scratch receptive fields were stimulated simultaneously, bilateral
rhythmic fictive rostral scratching was produced; left hindlimb scratching
was out-of-phase with right hindlimb scratching. Thus, spinal circuits
coordinate interlimb phase during bilateral fictive scratching. We examined
the contributions of contralateral spinal circuitry to the normal pattern
of right hindlimb fictive rostral scratching by removing the left halves of
the D7 segment and the hindlimb enlargement (D8-S2 segments). After left-
hemicord removal, stimulation in the right rostral scratch receptive field
usually elicited a variation of rostral scratching with rhythmic right hip
flexor activity and no right hip extensor activity; thus, right hip flexor
rhythm generation does not require left hindlimb enlargement circuitry.
Normal right hindlimb rostral scratching with rhythmic alternation between
hip flexor and extensor activities was rarely observed; thus, contralateral
spinal circuitry contributes to the production of normal ipsilateral
fictive rostral scratching. After left-hemicord removal, stimulation in the
left rostral scratch receptive field elicited rhythmic right hip extensor
activity; thus, contralateral spinal circuitry can generate a hip extensor
rhythm during ipsilateral rostral scratch receptive field stimulation. Our
observations and those of Berkowitz and Stein (1994a,b) support the concept
that an ipsilateral hindlimb's normal rostral scratch motor pattern is
generated by a modular central pattern generator that is bilaterally
distributed in the spinal cord.
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