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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4370-4381, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Growth cones are actively influenced by substrate-bound adhesion molecules
SM Burden-Gulley, HR Payne and V Lemmon
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
As axons advance to appropriate target tissues during development, their
growth cones encounter a variety of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and
extracellular matrix molecules (ECM molecules). Purified CAMs and ECM
molecules influence neurite outgrowth in vitro and are thought to have a
similar function in vivo. For example, when retinal ganglion cell (RGC)
neurons are grown on different CAM and ECM molecule substrates in vitro,
their growth cones display distinctive morphologies (Payne et al., 1992).
Similarly, RGC growth cones in vivo have distinctive shapes at different
points in the pathway from the eye to the tectum, suggesting the presence
of localized cues that determine growth cone behaviors such as pathway
selection at choice points. In this report, time-lapse video microscopy was
utilized to examine dynamic transformations of RGC growth cones as they
progressed from L1/8D9, N-cadherin, or laminin onto a different substrate.
Contact made by the leading edge of a growth cone with a new substrate
resulted in a rapid and dramatic alteration in growth cone morphology. In
some cases, the changes encompassed the entire growth cone including those
regions not in direct contact with the new substrate. In addition, the
growth cones displayed a variety of behavioral responses that were
dependent upon the order of substrate contact. These studies demonstrate
that growth cones are actively affected by the substrate, and suggest that
abrupt changes in the molecular composition of the growth cone environment
are influential during axonal pathfinding.
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