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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4507-4514, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Electrical activity and calcium influx regulate ion channel development in embryonic Xenopus skeletal muscle
P Linsdell and WJ Moody
Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
The development of electrical excitability involves complex coordinated
changes in ion channel activity. Part of this coordination appears to be
due to the fact that the expression of some channels is dependent on
electrical activity mediated by other channel types. For example, we have
previously shown that normal potassium current development in embryonic
skeletal muscle cells of the frog Xenopus laevis is dependent on sodium
channel activity. To examine the interrelationships between the development
of different ionic currents, we have made a detailed study of electrical
development in cultured Xenopus myocytes using whole-cell patch-clamp
recording. The initial expression of potassium, sodium, and calcium
currents is followed by a brief period during which the densities of
potassium currents decrease, while at the same time sodium and calcium
current densities continue to increase, which may increase electrical
excitability during this time. The normal developmental increase in both
potassium and sodium currents is inhibited by the sodium channel blocker
tetrodotoxin, suggesting that electrical activity normally stimulates the
expression of both these currents. These effects of electrical activity
appear to be mediated via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels. We
suggest that the developmental acquisition of sodium and calcium channels
by these cells, possibly coupled with a transient decrease in potassium
current density, lead to an increase in electrical excitability and calcium
entry, and that this calcium entry provides a critical developmental cue
controlling the subsequent development of mature electrical properties.
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