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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4786-4795, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Changes in c-fos mRNA expression in rat brain during odor discrimination learning: differential involvement of hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3
US Hess, G Lynch and CM Gall
Department of Psychobiology, University of California at Irvine 92717, USA.
Levels of c-fos mRNA were measured with in situ hybridization to test for
behaviorally dependent changes in neuronal activity in three subdivisions
of hippocampus and in components of the olfactory and visual systems. In
rats that performed a well-learned nose-poke response for water reward,
c-fos mRNA levels were broadly increased, relative to values in home
cage-control rats, in visual cortex, superior colliculus, olfactory bulb,
and, to comparable levels, regions CA3 and CA1 of hippocampus;
hybridization was not increased in the dentate gyrus. In rats first trained
on the nose-poke behavior and then required to discriminate between two
odors for water reward, the increase in c-fos mRNA was generally not as
great and was more regionally differentiated. Thus, in olfactory bulb,
hybridization was more greatly elevated in lateral than medial fields,
thereby exhibiting regional activation corresponding to the topographic
representation of the predominant odor sampled in the discrimination task.
In hippocampus of odor-discrimination rats, c-fos mRNA levels were far
greater in the region CA3 than region CA1, but remained at cage control
values in stratum granulosum. Interestingly, c-fos mRNA levels in each
hippocampal subdivision were highly correlated with levels in other regions
(e.g., visual cortex) for home cage controls but not for rats in the two
behavioral groups. Thus, c-fos mRNA levels in cage-control rats appeared to
be regulated by some generalized factor acting throughout much of the brain
(e.g., arousal), while odor-discrimination performance changed the pattern
of expression within hippocampus, and allowed for a differentiated response
by olfactory regions to emerge. These findings suggest that hippocampus
possesses multiple modes of functioning and makes contributions to behavior
that vary according to task demands.
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