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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4815-4826, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Neuromuscular metamorphosis in the moth Manduca sexta: hormonal regulation of synapses loss and remodeling
JW Truman and SE Reiss
Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
The motor system of the moth Manduca sexta is completely remodeled during
the pupal-adult transformation (PAT). It is stable until the formation of
the pupal stage (0% PAT), but larval motor end plates become disrupted by
5% PAT and are lost by 10% PAT, at the time that the muscle has begun to
degenerate. Most of the axonal arbor is retracted by 15% with the first
signs of adult sprouts appearing by 20% PAT, coinciding with proliferative
activity in the remains of the larval muscle. Extensive growth of the
axonal arbor begins after 30% PAT, with an initial phase of rapid
longitudinal growth (35-50% PAT) and then the production of short
transverse branches that then form sprays of end plates (50-70% PAT).
Growth and maturation of the end plates occupies the remainder of
metamorphosis. Neuromuscular metamorphosis was interfered with by systemic
or local treatment with a mimic of the insect juvenile hormone. The results
of these treatments suggest that some aspects of the removal of larval
axonal branches requires cues from the target. For the sprouting response,
the rapid longitudinal growth over the muscle appears to be due to
ecdysteroids acting directly on the cell body of the motoneuron. By
contrast, the subsequent production and maintenance of transverse sprouts
and the corresponding end plates may be an indirect response to stimulation
of muscle growth and differentiation by ecdysteroids.
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