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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4943-4951, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Localization and organization of the central pattern generator for hindlimb locomotion in newborn rat
JR Cazalets, M Borde and F Clarac
CNRS, NBM, Marseille, France.
An in vitro preparation of newborn rat isolated brainstem/spinal cord was
used in order to locate the spinal network responsible in mammals for
producing patterned locomotor activity. The spinal cord was partitioned by
building Vaseline walls at various lumbar levels. When a mixture of
serotonin and N-methyl-D,L-aspartate was bath applied to the upper lumbar
cord (L1/L2 segments), rhythmic locomotor-like activity was induced and
recorded in all the lumbar segments (from L1 to L5). Conversely, when the
mixture of transmitters was bath applied to the lower lumbar cord, only
tonic activity was induced in the lower lumbar segments. Intracellular
recordings performed on motoneurons revealed that during elicited L1/L2
locomotor-like activity, they received a rhythmic synaptic drive that was
often below the threshold for spiking, because the excitability of the
neurons was too low. When the L1/L2 segments were isolated, their burst
production capacities remained. The network located at the L1/L2 level was
found to be responsible not only for generating the rhythm but also for
organizing its alternating pattern. We demonstrated that the rhythmic
synaptic drive that the motoneurons receive during locomotor-like activity
comes directly from the L1/L2 network and that there is no relay at the
segmental level. We conclude from our study that the network that organizes
locomotion in the newborn rat is not segmentally distributed but is
restricted to a specific part of the cord. This finding has important
consequences, since it means that it is now feasible to study the activity
of the rhythmic spinal network independently from that of the motoneurons.
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