 |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Previous Article | Next Article
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 5036-5048, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
ARTICLE
In vitro classical conditioning of abducens nerve discharge in turtles
J Keifer, KE Armstrong and JC Houk
Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.In vitro classical conditioning of abducens nerve activity was performed using an isolated turtle brainstem-cerebellum preparation by direct stimulation of the cranial nerves. Using a delayed training procedure, the in vitro preparation was presented with paired stimuli consisting of a 1 sec train stimulus applied to the auditory nerve (CS), which immediately preceded a single shock US applied to the trigeminal nerve. Conditioned and unconditioned responses were recorded in the ipsilateral abducens nerve. Acquisition exhibited a positive slope of conditioned responding in 60% of the preparations. Application of unpaired stimuli consisting of CS-alone, alternate CS and US, or backward conditioning failed to result in conditioning, or resulted in extinction of CRs. Latencies of CR onset were timed such that they occurred midway through the CS. Activity-dependent uptake of the dye sulforhodamine was used to examine the spatial distribution of neurons labeled during conditioning. These data showed label in the cerebellum and red nucleus during conditioning whereas these regions failed to label during unconditioned responses. Furthermore, the principal abducens nucleus labeled heavily during conditioning. These findings suggest the feasibility of examining classical conditioning in a vertebrate in vitro brainstem-cerebellum preparation. It is postulated that the abducens nerve CR represents a behavioral correlate of a blink- related eye movement. Multiple sites of conditioning are hypothesized, including the cerebellorubral circuitry and brainstem pathways that activate the principal abducens nucleus.
This article has been cited by other articles:
M. Mokin, Z. Zheng, and J. Keifer
Conversion of Silent Synapses Into the Active Pool by Selective GluR1-3 and GluR4 AMPAR Trafficking During In Vitro Classical Conditioning
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2007; 98(3): 1278 - 1286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Keifer, Z.-Q. Zheng, and D. Zhu
MAPK Signaling Pathways Mediate AMPA Receptor Trafficking in an In Vitro Model of Classical Conditioning
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 2067 - 2074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Mokin, J. S. Lindahl, and J. Keifer
Immediate-Early Gene-Encoded Protein Arc Is Associated With Synaptic Delivery of GluR4-containing AMPA Receptors During In Vitro Classical Conditioning
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2006; 95(1): 215 - 224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Mokin and J. Keifer
Expression of the immediate-early gene-encoded protein Egr-1 (zif268) during in vitro classical conditioning
Learn. Mem., March 1, 2005; 12(2): 144 - 149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Keifer
In Vitro Eye-Blink Classical Conditioning Is NMDA Receptor Dependent and Involves Redistribution of AMPA Receptor Subunit GluR4
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2001; 21(7): 2434 - 2441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. A. Trigo, A. Gruart, and J. M. Delgado-Garcia
Discharge Profiles of Abducens, Accessory Abducens, and Orbicularis Oculi Motoneurons During Reflex and Conditioned Blinks in Alert Cats
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 1666 - 1684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. W. Anderson and J. Keifer
Properties of Conditioned Abducens Nerve Responses in a Highly Reduced In Vitro Brain Stem Preparation From the Turtle
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 1999; 81(3): 1242 - 1250.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. W. Anderson and J. Keifer
The Cerebellum and Red Nucleus Are Not Required for In Vitro Classical Conditioning of the Turtle Abducens Nerve Response
J. Neurosci., December 15, 1997; 17(24): 9736 - 9745.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|