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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 5106-5129, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons
RE Marc, RF Murry and SF Basinger
John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
Pattern recognition of amino acid signals partitions the cells of the
goldfish retina into nine statistically unique biochemical theme classes
and permits a first-order chemical mapping of virtually all cellular space.
Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells display a set of unique,
nominally glutamatergic type E1, E1+E2, and E4 signatures, respectively.
All horizontal cells are assignable to a GABAergic gamma 2 class or a
non-GABAergic class with a glutamate-rich E3 signature. The amacrine cell
layer is largely a mixture of (1) a taurine-dominated T1 Muller's cell
signature and (2) GABAergic gamma 1, glycinergic G1, and dual
glycinergic/GABAergic G gamma 1 amacrine cell signatures. Several major
conclusions emerge from this work. (1) Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and
glycinergic neural signatures and glial signatures account for over 99% of
the cellular space in the retina. (2) All known neurons in the goldfish
retina are associated with a set of conventional nonpeptide
neurotransmitters. (3) Multiple forms of metabolic profiles are associated
with a single nominal neurotransmitter category. (4) Glutamate and
aspartate contents exhibit overlapping distributions and are not adequate
univariate probes for identifying cell classes. (5) Signatures can serve as
quantitative measures of cell state.
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