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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 5179-5191, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Lactate released by Muller glial cells is metabolized by photoreceptors from mammalian retina
CL Poitry-Yamate, S Poitry and M Tsacopoulos
Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.
The nature of fuel molecules trafficking between mammalian glial cells and
neurons was explored using acute retinal cell preparations of solitary
Muller glial cells, Muller cells still attached to photoreceptors (the
"cell complex"), and solitary photoreceptors. 14C- Molecules in the cell
complex, Muller cells, and respective baths were quantitated following 30
min incubation in bicarbonate-buffered Ringer's solution carrying 5 mM
14C(U)-glucose, and substrate preference by solitary photoreceptors was
assessed by measuring 14CO2 production. Muller cells alone metabolized
14C-glucose predominantly to carbohydrate intermediates, while the presence
of photoreceptors raised proportionately the amount of radiolabeling in
amino acids. 14C-Lactate was the major carbohydrate found in the bath.
However, in the presence of photoreceptors, its amount was 70% less than
that for Muller cells alone. This decrease matched the expected production
of 14CO2 by photoreceptor oxidative metabolism and was antagonized by the
addition of unlabeled lactate. Moreover, while solitary photoreceptors
consumed both exogenous 14C-lactate and 14C-glucose, lactate was a better
substrate for their oxidative metabolism. In the cell complex, the
metabolism of amino acids increased and illumination affected primarily
glutamate and glutamine production: the specific activity of glutamate
changed in parallel with that of lactate, and that of glutamine increased
by eightfold in darkness. These results demonstrate transfer of lactate
from Muller cells to photoreceptors and underscore a
photoreceptor-dependent modulation of lactate and amino acid metabolism. We
propose that net production and release of lactate by Muller cells serves
to maintain their glycolysis elevated and to fuel mitochondrial oxidative
metabolism and glutamate resynthesis in photoreceptors.
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