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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 5637-5659, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Transient memory impairment in monkeys with bilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex
BW Leonard, DG Amaral, LR Squire and S Zola-Morgan
Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Stony Brook, New York 11794-2575, USA.
Performance on five behavioral tasks was assessed post-operatively in
Macaca fascicularis monkeys prepared with bilateral lesions of the
entorhinal cortex (E group). Three of the tasks were also readministered
9-14 months after surgery. Initial learning of the delayed
nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) task was impaired in the E animals relative to
unoperated control monkeys. On the delay portion of DNMS, the performance
of E animals was nearly at control levels at short delays (up to 60 sec)
but was impaired at 10 min and 40 min retention intervals. On the retest of
DNMS, the E animals performed normally at all retention intervals. The E
animals were unimpaired on the four other memory tasks. Neuroanatomical
studies revealed a significant transverse expansion of the terminal field
of the perirhinal cortical projection in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Compared to unlesioned, anatomical control monkeys, the transverse length
of the perirhinal terminal field in CA1 increased approximately 70% in the
E monkeys. Although this was a striking morphological alteration, it is not
known whether the sprouting of this projection influenced the behavioral
recovery. The results of these studies suggest that the entorhinal cortex
may normally participate in the learning and performance of tasks that are
dependent on the medial temporal lobe memory system. However, recovery of
normal DNMS performance demonstrates that the entorhinal cortex is not, by
itself, essential for learning and performance of such tasks.
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