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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 5703-5718, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Functional differentiation of adult neural circuits from a single embryonic network
B Casasnovas and P Meyrand
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Physiologie Comparees, Universite Bordeaux I, Arcachon, France.
The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of adult lobsters and crabs
generates a number of different rhythmic motor patterns which control
different regional movements of the foregut. Since these output patterns
are generated by discrete neural networks that, in the adult, are well
characterized in terms of synaptic and cellular properties, this system
constitutes an ideal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the
ontogeny of neural network organization. The foregut and its rhythmic motor
patterns were studied in in vitro STNS nerve-muscle preparations of the
embryo and different larval stages of the lobster Homarus gammarus. The
development of Homarus comprises a long embryonic stage in ovo followed by
three pelagic larval stages prior to the onset of benthic life. During
these stages the foregut itself develops slowly from a simple ectodermal
invagination that occurs in the embryo. During successive larval stages it
progressively acquires all the specialized structures and shape of the
adult foregut. In contrast, the STNS is morphologically recognizable at
early embryonic stages. In all recorded stages the STNS spontaneously
expresses rhythmic motor activity. During development, this activity is
progressively restructured, beginning with a single rhythmic motor pattern
in the embryo where all the stomodeal muscles are strongly coordinated. In
subsequent stages, however, this single pattern is progressively subdivided
to give rise eventually to the three discrete rhythmic motor patterns
characteristic of the adult STNS. Our data suggest that rather than a
dismantling of redundant embryonic and larval neural networks, the
different adult networks emerge as a progressive partitioning of discrete
circuits from a single embryonic network.
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