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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 6179-6188, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Differential expression of two vesicular monoamine transporters
D Peter, Y Liu, C Sternini, R de Giorgio, N Brecha and RH Edwards
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024, USA.
Specific transport proteins package classical neurotransmitters into
vesicles so that their release can be regulated by neural activity.
Previous studies have suggested that a single activity mediates the
vesicular transport of monoamines in the adrenal gland, brain, and other
tissues such as mast cells and platelets. However, molecular cloning has
recently identified two vesicular transporters for monoamines. Although the
predicted proteins are closely related in sequence, they show a range of
differences in their physiologic and pharmacologic properties. To clarify
further the biological significance of the observed functional differences,
we have generated anti-peptide antibodies to the C-termini of the two
transporters and used them to determine the distribution and localization
of the proteins in the rat. We have detected expression of vesicular
monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) in adrenal chromaffin cells but not in
neural cells. Interestingly, some adrenal chromaffin cells also express
VMAT2 but the amount of VMAT2 relative to VMAT1 appears much lower than in
the bovine adrenal gland. In contrast, sympathetic ganglion cells express
only VMAT2, as do enteric neurons and enterochromaffin-like cells of the
stomach. Thus, although adrenal chromaffin cells, sympathetic and enteric
neurons derive from the neural crest, they express different vesicular
amine transporters. In the CNS, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine,
5-HT, and histamine cell groups all express VMAT2. These findings are
consistent with the functional characteristics of VMAT1 and VMAT2 and help
to explain several classic pharmacological observations.
VMAT2-immunoreactivity is generally stronger in cell bodies, proximal
dendrites and axonal processes, indicating the potential for monoamine
storage at each of these sites. Surprisingly, dopaminergic interneurons in
the olfactory bulb show no detectable immunoreactivity for either VMAT1 or
VMAT2.
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