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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 392-417, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Synchronization of fast (30-40 Hz) spontaneous cortical rhythms during brain activation
M Steriade, F Amzica and D Contreras
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
We investigated the synchronization of fast spontaneous oscillations
(mainly 30-40 Hz) in anesthetized and behaving cats by means of
simultaneous extra- and intracellular recordings from multiple neocortical
areas. Fast Fourier transforms, auto- and cross- correlations, and spike-
or wave-triggered averages were used to determine the frequency and
temporal coherence of fast oscillations that outlasted the stimulation of
ascending activating systems or that occurred naturally during behavioral
states of waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep but also appeared
during the depolarizing phases of slow sleep oscillations. In 90% of
microelectrode tracks, the fast oscillations did not show field reversal at
any depth of the cortex and were not observable in the underlying white
matter. The negative field potentials of the fast oscillations were
associated at all depths with neuronal firing. This field potential
property of fast oscillations was in sharp contrast to the reversal of slow
sleep oscillation or evoked potentials at depths of 0.25-0.5 mm. The
coherence of fast spontaneous rhythms was spatially limited, being confined
within a cortical column and among closely located neocortical sites, in
contrast to the long- range synchronization of slow sleep rhythms.
Depolarizing current pulses elicited spike-bursts (200-400 Hz) recurring at
a frequency of 30-40 Hz. Our experiments demonstrate that the conventional
notion of a totally desynchronized cortical activity upon arousal should be
revised as fast rhythms are enhanced and synchronized within intracortical
networks during brain activation. Spontaneously occurring, subthreshold
membrane potential depolarizing oscillations may bias cortical and thalamic
neurons to respond synchronously, at fast frequencies, to relevant stimuli
in the wake state or to internally generated drives in REM sleep.
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