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Volume 16, Number 10,
Issue of May 15, 1996
pp. 3256-3264
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience
Synaptic Modulation by Neurotrophic Factors: Differential and
Synergistic Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Ciliary
Neurotrophic Factor
Received Nov. 13, 1995; revised Feb. 26, 1996; accepted Feb. 28, 1996.
Ron Stoop and
Mu-ming Poo
Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York,
New York 10027
Extracellular application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to developing
neuromuscular junctions in Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures
resulted in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous synaptic
currents (SSCs) and in the amplitude of nerve-evoked synaptic currents.
Analyses of the amplitude and time course of the SSCs suggest that
these effects are attributable to elevation of presynaptic transmitter
release. The actions of these two factors on the transmitter secretion
process, however, are distinctly different. Fura-2
Ca2+ imaging showed that an increase in
presynaptic cytosolic Ca2+
([Ca2+]i) accompanied the
synaptic potentiation by BDNF, whereas no change in
[Ca2+]i was observed
during synaptic potentiation by CNTF. Removing external
Ca2+ also abolished the potentiating effect of
BDNF but did not influence the CNTF effect. Moreover, the two factors
exerted different effects on the short-term synaptic plasticity.
Paired-pulse facilitation normally found at these synapses was reduced
by BDNF but unaffected by CNTF; CNTF, but not BDNF, reduced the extent
of synaptic depression during high-frequency tetanic stimulation.
Finally, the potentiation effect of BDNF and CNTF on spontaneous
transmitter release was additive when both factors were applied
together to the synapse at saturating concentrations (100 ng/ml) and
was highly synergistic when low doses (1 and 10 ng/ml) of both factors
were used. These results suggest that because of their differential
effects on the secretory machinery, BDNF and CNTF may act cooperatively
in modulating the development and functioning of synapses.
Key words:
BDNF;
CNTF;
neurotransmitter release;
Fura-2 imaging;
paired-pulse facilitation;
synaptic plasticity;
synergism
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