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Volume 16, Number 10, Issue of May 15, 1996 pp. 3381-3396
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience

Blue-Cone Horizontal Cells in the Retinae of Horses and Other Equidae

Received Nov. 6, 1995; revised Feb. 27, 1996; accepted Feb. 29, 1996.

Daniele Sandmann¹, Brian B. Boycott², and Leo Peichl¹

¹ Max Planck Institut für Hirnforschung, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany and ² Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, United Medical and Dental School (Guy's Campus), London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom

The morphology of horizontal cells chiefly of the horse, but also of asses, mules, and a zebra, has been examined by Lucifer yellow injections into lightly fixed retinae and by immunocytochemistry. In common with other mammals, equids have a B-type horizontal cell, i.e., a cell with dendrites synapsing with cones and possessing a single axon synapsing with rods. Most mammalian retinae have a further type of horizontal cell, the A-type, also synapsing with cones but without an axon. The second type of horizontal cell in equids also has no axon; otherwise, it is most unusual. Compared with other mammalian A-type cells, it has a very large dendritic field, both absolutely and relative to the dendritic fields of B-type cells. The dendrites are fine and sparsely branching. Their most striking feature is that they bear a low density of irregularly spaced synaptic terminal aggregates, suggesting their cone contacts are selective. Immunolabeling of S (blue)-cones in horse retina showed that they comprise, depending on retinal location, 10-25% of the cone population. For a single horse A-type cell, it is shown that 44 of its 45 terminal aggregates are congruent with the pedicles of S-cones. Immunostaining with a calbindin antibody demonstrated that each type of horizontal cell forms an independent regular mosaic. The density ratio of B- to A-type cells varied between 5 and 10. This is the first demonstration in a mammalian retina of a horizontal cell type with a direct input exclusively from S-cones.

Key words: horizontal cells; mammalian retina; horse retina; retinal organization; blue-cone photoreceptors; chromatic specificity; Equidae

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Yin, R. G Smith, P. Sterling, and D. H. Brainard Chromatic Properties of Horizontal and Ganglion Cell Responses Follow a Dual Gradient in Cone Opsin Expression. J. Neurosci., November 22, 2006; 26(47): 12351 - 12361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. E. Reese, M. A. Raven, and S. B. Stagg Afferents and Homotypic Neighbors Regulate Horizontal Cell Morphology, Connectivity, and Retinal Coverage J. Neurosci., March 2, 2005; 25(9): 2167 - 2175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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