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Volume 16, Number 11, Issue of June 1, 1996 pp. 3601-3619
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceTau Is Enriched on Dynamic Microtubules in the Distal Region of Growing Axons
Received Feb. 8, 1996; revised March 5, 1996; accepted March 6, 1996.
Mark M. Black1, Theresa Slaughter1, Simon Moshiach1, Maria Obrocka2, and Itzhak Fischer2 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, and 2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
It is widely held that tau determines the stability of microtubules in growing axons, although direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. Previous studies have shown that the microtubule polymer in the distal axon and growth cone is the most dynamic of growing axons; it turns over more rapidly and is more sensitive to microtubule depolymerizing drugs than the polymer situated proximally. We reasoned that if the stability of axonal microtubules is directly related to their content of tau, then the polymer in the distal axon should have less tau than the polymer in the proximal axon. We tested this proposition by measuring the relative tau content of microtubules along growing axons of cultured sympathetic neurons immunostained for tau and tubulin. Our results show that the tau content of microtubules varies along the axon, but in the opposite way predicted. Specifically, the relative tau content of microtubules increases progressively along the axon to reach a peak near the growth cone that is severalfold greater than that observed proximally. Thus, tau is most enriched on the most dynamic polymer of the axon. We also show that the gradient in tau content of microtubules does not generate corresponding gradients in the extent of tubulin assembly or in the sensitivity of axonal microtubules to nocodazole. On the basis of these findings, we propose that tau in growing axons has functions other than promoting microtubule assembly and stability and that key sites for these functions are the distal axon and growth cone.
Key words: microtubule-associated proteins; cytoskeleton; axon growth; quantitative digital image analysis; cultured sympathetic neurons
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