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Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 16, Number 12, Issue of June 15, 1996 pp. 3817-3826
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceThe Taste of Monosodium Glutamate: Membrane Receptors in Taste Buds
Received Feb. 9, 1996; accepted March 25, 1996.
Nirupa Chaudhari1, Hui Yang1, Cynthia Lamp1, Eugene Delay2, Claire Cartford2, Trang Than2, and Stephen Roper3 1 Department of Physiology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, 2 Department of Psychology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado 80221, and 3 The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado 80262
Receptor proteins for photoreception have been studied for several decades. More recently, putative receptors for olfaction have been isolated and characterized. In contrast, no receptors for taste have been identified yet by molecular cloning. This report describes experiments aimed at identifying a receptor responsible for the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, we found that several ionotropic glutamate receptors are present in rat lingual tissues. However, these receptors also could be detected in lingual tissue devoid of taste buds. On the other hand, RT-PCR and RNase protection assays indicated that a G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4, also is expressed in lingual tissues and is limited only to taste buds. In situ hybridization demonstrated that mGluR4 is detectable in 40-70% of vallate and foliate taste buds but not in surrounding nonsensory epithelium, confirming the localization of this metabotropic receptor to gustatory cells. Expression of mGluR4 in taste buds is higher in preweaning rats compared with adult rats. This may correspond to the known higher sensitivity to the taste of MSG in juvenile rodents. Finally, behavioral studies have indicated that MSG and L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4), a ligand for mGluR4, elicit similar tastes in rats. We conclude that mGluR4 may be a chemosensory receptor responsible, in part, for the taste of MSG.
Key words: umami; gustation; rats; taste buds; chemosensory; glutamate receptors
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