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Volume 16, Number 12, Issue of June 15, 1996 pp. 3877-3886
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceHomeostasis of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila with Genetically Altered Nerve Terminal Morphology
Received Dec. 15, 1995; revised March 21, 1996; accepted March 25, 1996.
Bryan A. Stewart1, Christoph M. Schuster2, Corey S. Goodman2, and Harold L. Atwood1 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8, and 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
We present a new test of the hypothesis that synaptic strength is directly related to nerve terminal morphology through analysis of synaptic transmission at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions with a genetically reduced number of nerve terminal varicosities. Synaptic transmission would decrease in target cells with fewer varicosities if there is a relationship between the number of varicosities and the strength of synaptic transmission. Animals that have an extreme hypomorphic allele of the gene for the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin II possess fewer synapse-bearing nerve terminal varicosities; nevertheless, synaptic strength is maintained at a normal level for the muscle cell as a whole. Fewer failures of neurotransmitter release and larger excitatory junction potentials from individual varicosities, as well as more frequent spontaneous release and larger quantal units, provide evidence for enhancement of transmitter release from varicosities in the mutant. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that mutant nerve terminals have bigger synapses with more active zones per synapse, indicating that synaptic enlargement and an accompanying increase in synaptic complexity provide for more transmitter release at mutant varicosities. These results show that morphological parameters of transmitting nerve terminals can be adjusted to functionally compensate for genetic perturbations, thereby maintaining optimal synaptic transmission.
Key words: synaptic transmission; neuromuscular junction; electron microscopy; ultrastructure; cell adhesion molecule; Fasciclin II
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