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Volume 16, Number 12,
Issue of June 15, 1996
pp. 3943-3949
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience
Maternal Glucocorticoid Secretion Mediates Long-Term Effects of
Prenatal Stress
Received Jan. 11, 1996; revised April 2, 1996; accepted April 3, 1996.
Arnaud Barbazanges,
Pier Vincenzo Piazza,
Michel Le Moal, and
Stefania Maccari
Psychobiologie des Comportements Adaptatifs, INSERM U259,
Université de Bordeaux II, Domaine de Carreire, 33077 Bordeaux
Cedex, France
There is growing evidence that stressors occurring during pregnancy
can impair biological and behavioral adaptation to stress in the adult
offspring. Mechanisms by which stress in the pregnant rat can influence
development of the offspring are still unknown. In the present study,
we investigated the involvement of maternal corticosterone secretion
during pregnancy on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity
of adult offspring. We investigated stress-induced corticosterone
secretion and hippocampal type I and type II corticosteroid receptors
in male adult rats submitted to prenatal stress born to either mothers
with intact corticosterone secretion or mothers in which stress-induced
corticosterone secretion was blocked by adrenalectomy with substitutive
corticosterone therapy. Repeated restraint during the last week of
pregnancy was used as prenatal stressor. Furthermore, the specific role
of an injection of corticosterone before the restraint stress on
adrenalectomized mothers with substitutive corticosterone treatment was
also studied. We report here that blockade of the mother's
stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion suppresses the prolonged
stress-induced corticosteroid response and the decrease in type I
hippocampal corticosteroid receptors usually observed in prenatally
stressed adults. Conversely, corticosterone administered during stress,
to mothers in which corticosterone secretion is blocked, reinstates the
effects of prenatal stress. These results suggest for the first time
that stress-induced increases in maternal glucocorticoids may be a
mechanism by which prenatal stress impairs the development of the adult
offspring's glucocorticoid response.
Key words:
corticosterone;
corticosteroid receptors;
hippocampus;
prenatal stress;
maternal environment;
development
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