 |
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 16, Number 14, Issue of July 15, 1996 pp. 4491-4500
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceProfound Loss of Layer II Entorhinal Cortex Neurons Occurs in Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease
Received March 26, 1996; revised April 25, 1996; accepted May 1, 1996.
Teresa Gómez-Isla1, Joseph L. Price2, Daniel W. McKeel Jr.2, John C. Morris2, John H. Growdon1, and Bradley T. Hyman1 1 Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, and 2 Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pathology and Neurology, and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
The entorhinal cortex (EC) plays a crucial role as a gateway connecting the neocortex and the hippocampal formation. Layer II of the EC gives rise to the perforant pathway, the major source of the excitatory input to the hippocampus, and layer IV receives a major hippocampal efferent projection. The EC is affected severely in Alzheimer disease (AD), likely contributing to memory impairment. We applied stereological principles of neuron counting to determine whether neuronal loss occurs in the EC in the very early stages of AD. We studied 20 individuals who at death had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0 (cognitively normal), 0.5 (very mild), 1 (mild), or 3 (severe cognitive impairment). Lamina-specific neuronal counts were carried out on sections representing the entire EC. In the cognitively normal (CDR = 0) individuals, there were ~650,000 neurons in layer II, 1 million neurons in layer IV, and 7 million neurons in the entire EC. The number of neurons remained constant between 60 and 90 years of age. The group with the mildest clinically detectable dementia (CDR = 0.5), all of whom had sufficient neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD, had 32% fewer EC neurons than controls. Decreases in individual lamina were even more dramatic, with the number of neurons in layer II decreasing by 60% and in layer IV by 40% compared with controls. In the severe dementia cases (CDR = 3), the number of neurons in layer II decreased by ~90%, and the number of neurons in layer IV decreased by ~70% compared with controls. Neuronal number in AD was inversely proportional to NFT formation and neuritic plaques, but was not related significantly to diffuse plaques or to total plaques. These results support the conclusion that a marked decrement of layer II neurons distinguishes even very mild AD from nondemented aging.
Key words: entorhinal cortex; stereology; neuronal loss; perforant pathway; Alzheimer's disease; aging
This article has been cited by other articles:
R. S. Desikan, H. J. Cabral, C. P. Hess, W. P. Dillon, C. M. Glastonbury, M. W. Weiner, N. J. Schmansky, D. N. Greve, D. H. Salat, R. L. Buckner, et al.
Automated MRI measures identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Brain, August 1, 2009; 132(8): 2048 - 2057.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R.S. Desikan, H.J. Cabral, B. Fischl, C.R.G. Guttmann, D. Blacker, B.T. Hyman, M.S. Albert, and R.J. Killiany
Temporoparietal MR Imaging Measures of Atrophy in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment That Predict Subsequent Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2009; 30(3): 532 - 538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. C. Dickerson, A. Bakkour, D. H. Salat, E. Feczko, J. Pacheco, D. N. Greve, F. Grodstein, C. I. Wright, D. Blacker, H. D. Rosas, et al.
The Cortical Signature of Alzheimer's Disease: Regionally Specific Cortical Thinning Relates to Symptom Severity in Very Mild to Mild AD Dementia and is Detectable in Asymptomatic Amyloid-Positive Individuals
Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2009; 19(3): 497 - 510.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D.-S. Yang, A. Kumar, P. Stavrides, J. Peterson, C. M. Peterhoff, M. Pawlik, E. Levy, A. M. Cataldo, and R. A. Nixon
Neuronal Apoptosis and Autophagy Cross Talk in Aging PS/APP Mice, a Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2008; 173(3): 665 - 681.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. E. Congdon, S. Kim, J. Bonchak, T. Songrug, A. Matzavinos, and J. Kuret
Nucleation-dependent Tau Filament Formation: THE IMPORTANCE OF DIMERIZATION AND AN ESTIMATION OF ELEMENTARY RATE CONSTANTS
J. Biol. Chem., May 16, 2008; 283(20): 13806 - 13816.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
W. J. Meilandt, G.-Q. Yu, J. Chin, E. D. Roberson, J. J. Palop, T. Wu, K. Scearce-Levie, and L. Mucke
Enkephalin Elevations Contribute to Neuronal and Behavioral Impairments in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurosci., May 7, 2008; 28(19): 5007 - 5017.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. C. Dickerson, R. A. Sperling, B. T. Hyman, M. S. Albert, and D. Blacker
Clinical Prediction of Alzheimer Disease Dementia Across the Spectrum of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 64(12): 1443 - 1450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. R. Romito-DiGiacomo, H. Menegay, S. A. Cicero, and K. Herrup
Effects of Alzheimer's Disease on Different Cortical Layers: The Role of Intrinsic Differences in A{beta} Susceptibility
J. Neurosci., August 8, 2007; 27(32): 8496 - 8504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Matsuda
Role of Neuroimaging in Alzheimer's Disease, with Emphasis on Brain Perfusion SPECT
J. Nucl. Med., August 1, 2007; 48(8): 1289 - 1300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. Fischl and L. L. Wald
Phase maps reveal cortical architecture
PNAS, July 10, 2007; 104(28): 11513 - 11514.
[Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Ringman, J. O'Neill, D. Geschwind, L. Medina, L. G. Apostolova, Y. Rodriguez, B. Schaffer, A. Varpetian, B. Tseng, F. Ortiz, et al.
Diffusion tensor imaging in preclinical and presymptomatic carriers of familial Alzheimer's disease mutations
Brain, July 1, 2007; 130(7): 1767 - 1776.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A.-T. Du, N. Schuff, J. H. Kramer, H. J. Rosen, M. L. Gorno-Tempini, K. Rankin, B. L. Miller, and M. W. Weiner
Different regional patterns of cortical thinning in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia
Brain, April 1, 2007; 130(4): 1159 - 1166.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Chin, C. M. Massaro, J. J. Palop, M. T. Thwin, G.-Q. Yu, N. Bien-Ly, A. Bender, and L. Mucke
Reelin Depletion in the Entorhinal Cortex of Human Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice and Humans with Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurosci., March 14, 2007; 27(11): 2727 - 2733.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. P. Devanand, G. Pradhaban, X. Liu, A. Khandji, S. De Santi, S. Segal, H. Rusinek, G. H. Pelton, L. S. Honig, R. Mayeux, et al.
Hippocampal and entorhinal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: Prediction of Alzheimer disease
Neurology, March 13, 2007; 68(11): 828 - 836.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. J. Golob, R. Irimajiri, and A. Starr
Auditory cortical activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: relationship to subtype and conversion to dementia
Brain, March 1, 2007; 130(3): 740 - 752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. M. Fagan, C. M. Roe, C. Xiong, M. A. Mintun, J. C. Morris, and D. M. Holtzman
Cerebrospinal Fluid tau/beta-Amyloid42 Ratio as a Prediction of Cognitive Decline in Nondemented Older Adults
Arch Neurol, March 1, 2007; 64(3): 343 - 349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. F. Jones, J. Barnes, H. B.M. Uylings, N. C. Fox, C. Frost, M. P. Witter, and P. Scheltens
Differential Regional Atrophy of the Cingulate Gyrus in Alzheimer Disease: A Volumetric MRI Study
Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2006; 16(12): 1701 - 1708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Majercak, W. J. Ray, A. Espeseth, A. Simon, X.-P. Shi, C. Wolffe, K. Getty, S. Marine, E. Stec, M. Ferrer, et al.
LRRTM3 promotes processing of amyloid-precursor protein by BACE1 and is a positional candidate gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease
PNAS, November 21, 2006; 103(47): 17967 - 17972.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Padmanabhan, M. Levy, D. W. Dickson, and H. Potter
Alpha1-antichymotrypsin, an inflammatory protein overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease brain, induces tau phosphorylation in neurons
Brain, November 1, 2006; 129(11): 3020 - 3034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Ramani, J. H. Jensen, and J. A. Helpern
Quantitative MR Imaging in Alzheimer Disease
Radiology, October 1, 2006; 241(1): 26 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Schindowski, A. Bretteville, K. Leroy, S. Begard, J.-P. Brion, M. Hamdane, and L. Buee
Alzheimer's Disease-Like Tau Neuropathology Leads to Memory Deficits and Loss of Functional Synapses in a Novel Mutated Tau Transgenic Mouse without Any Motor Deficits
Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2006; 169(2): 599 - 616.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. R. Stoub, L. deToledo-Morrell, G. T. Stebbins, S. Leurgans, D. A. Bennett, and R. C. Shah
Hippocampal disconnection contributes to memory dysfunction in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease
PNAS, June 27, 2006; 103(26): 10041 - 10045.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. L. Spires, J. D. Orne, K. SantaCruz, R. Pitstick, G. A. Carlson, K. H. Ashe, and B. T. Hyman
Region-specific Dissociation of Neuronal Loss and Neurofibrillary Pathology in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2006; 168(5): 1598 - 1607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. R. Thal, E. Capetillo-Zarate, K. Del Tredici, and H. Braak
The Development of Amyloid beta Protein Deposits in the Aged Brain
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., March 8, 2006; 2006(6): re1 - re1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
X. Fontana, J. Nacher, E. Soriano, and J. A. del Rio
Cell Proliferation in the Adult Hippocampal Formation of Rodents and its Modulation by Entorhinal and Fimbria-Fornix Afferents
Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2006; 16(3): 301 - 312.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
O. Lazarov, L. D. Peterson, D. A. Peterson, and S. S. Sisodia
Expression of a Familial Alzheimer's Disease-Linked Presenilin-1 Variant Enhances Perforant Pathway Lesion-Induced Neuronal Loss in the Entorhinal Cortex
J. Neurosci., January 11, 2006; 26(2): 429 - 434.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. T. Becker, S. W. Davis, K. M. Hayashi, C. C. Meltzer, A. W. Toga, O. L. Lopez, P. M. Thompson, and for the Imaging Methods and Analysis in Geriatrics
Three-dimensional Patterns of Hippocampal Atrophy in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arch Neurol, January 1, 2006; 63(1): 97 - 101.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. Rossi, L. Brambilla, C. F. Valori, A. Crugnola, G. Giaccone, R. Capobianco, M. Mangieri, A. E. Kingston, A. Bloc, P. Bezzi, et al.
Defective Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-dependent Control of Astrocyte Glutamate Release in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
J. Biol. Chem., December 23, 2005; 280(51): 42088 - 42096.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Okamura, T. Suemoto, S. Furumoto, M. Suzuki, H. Shimadzu, H. Akatsu, T. Yamamoto, H. Fujiwara, M. Nemoto, M. Maruyama, et al.
Quinoline and Benzimidazole Derivatives: Candidate Probes for In Vivo Imaging of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurosci., November 23, 2005; 25(47): 10857 - 10862.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. L. Buckner, A. Z. Snyder, B. J. Shannon, G. LaRossa, R. Sachs, A. F. Fotenos, Y. I. Sheline, W. E. Klunk, C. A. Mathis, J. C. Morris, et al.
Molecular, Structural, and Functional Characterization of Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence for a Relationship between Default Activity, Amyloid, and Memory
J. Neurosci., August 24, 2005; 25(34): 7709 - 7717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. L. Spires, M. Meyer-Luehmann, E. A. Stern, P. J. McLean, J. Skoch, P. T. Nguyen, B. J. Bacskai, and B. T. Hyman
Dendritic Spine Abnormalities in Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice Demonstrated by Gene Transfer and Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy
J. Neurosci., August 3, 2005; 25(31): 7278 - 7287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. Mosconi, W. -H. Tsui, S. De Santi, J. Li, H. Rusinek, A. Convit, Y. Li, M. Boppana, and M. J. de Leon
Reduced hippocampal metabolism in MCI and AD: Automated FDG-PET image analysis
Neurology, June 14, 2005; 64(11): 1860 - 1867.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Missonnier, G. Gold, L. Fazio-Costa, J.-P. Michel, R. Mulligan, A. Michon, V. Ibanez, and P. Giannakopoulos
Early Event-Related Potential Changes During Working Memory Activation Predict Rapid Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2005; 60(5): 660 - 666.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L Mosconi, K Herholz, I Prohovnik, B Nacmias, M T R De Cristofaro, M Fayyaz, L Bracco, S Sorbi, and A Pupi
Metabolic interaction between ApoE genotype and onset age in Alzheimer's disease: implications for brain reserve
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2005; 76(1): 15 - 23.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Li, Y. Yang, and S. Wang
Neuronal gene transfer by baculovirus-derived vectors accommodating a neurone-specific promoter
Exp Physiol, January 1, 2005; 90(1): 39 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. L. Doty
Clinical Studies of Olfaction
Chem Senses, January 1, 2005; 30(suppl_1): i207 - i209.
[Full Text] [PDF]
C. Casas, N. Sergeant, J.-M. Itier, V. Blanchard, O. Wirths, N. van der Kolk, V. Vingtdeux, E. van de Steeg, G. Ret, T. Canton, et al.
Massive CA1/2 Neuronal Loss with Intraneuronal and N-Terminal Truncated A{beta}42 Accumulation in a Novel Alzheimer Transgenic Model
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2004; 165(4): 1289 - 1300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. Imabayashi, H. Matsuda, T. Asada, T. Ohnishi, S. Sakamoto, S. Nakano, and T. Inoue
Superiority of 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Analysis over Visual Inspection in Discrimination of Patients with Very Early Alzheimer's Disease from Controls Using Brain Perfusion SPECT
J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2004; 45(9): 1450 - 1457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. I. Fonseca, J. Zhou, M. Botto, and A. J. Tenner
Absence of C1q Leads to Less Neuropathology in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurosci., July 21, 2004; 24(29): 6457 - 6465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. R. Thal, K. Del Tredici, and H. Braak
Neurodegeneration in Normal Brain Aging and Disease
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., June 9, 2004; 2004(23): pe26 - pe26.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
I. Greeve, D. Kretzschmar, J.-A. Tschape, A. Beyn, C. Brellinger, M. Schweizer, R. M. Nitsch, and R. Reifegerste
Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer-Amyloid Plaque Formation in Transgenic Drosophila
J. Neurosci., April 21, 2004; 24(16): 3899 - 3906.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Ingelsson, H. Fukumoto, K. L. Newell, J. H. Growdon, E. T. Hedley-Whyte, M. P. Frosch, M. S. Albert, B. T. Hyman, and M. C. Irizarry
Early A{beta} accumulation and progressive synaptic loss, gliosis, and tangle formation in AD brain
Neurology, March 23, 2004; 62(6): 925 - 931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Okamura, T. Suemoto, H. Shimadzu, M. Suzuki, T. Shiomitsu, H. Akatsu, T. Yamamoto, M. Staufenbiel, K. Yanai, H. Arai, et al.
Styrylbenzoxazole Derivatives for In Vivo Imaging of Amyloid Plaques in the Brain
J. Neurosci., March 10, 2004; 24(10): 2535 - 2541.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. Mosconi, A. Pupi, M. T. R. De Cristofaro, M. Fayyaz, S. Sorbi, and K. Herholz
Functional Interactions of the Entorhinal Cortex: An 18F-FDG PET Study on Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
J. Nucl. Med., March 1, 2004; 45(3): 382 - 392.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
N. Raz, K. M. Rodrigue, D. Head, K. M. Kennedy, and J. D. Acker
Differential aging of the medial temporal lobe: A study of a five-year change
Neurology, February 10, 2004; 62(3): 433 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Iwata, H. Mizukami, K. Shirotani, Y. Takaki, S.-i. Muramatsu, B. Lu, N. P. Gerard, C. Gerard, K. Ozawa, and T. C. Saido
Presynaptic Localization of Neprilysin Contributes to Efficient Clearance of Amyloid-{beta} Peptide in Mouse Brain
J. Neurosci., January 28, 2004; 24(4): 991 - 998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Peters, T. Hummel, T. Kratzsch, J. Lotsch, C. Skarke, and L. Frolich
Olfactory Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: An Investigation Using Psychophysical and Electrophysiological Techniques
Am J Psychiatry, November 1, 2003; 160(11): 1995 - 2002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. G. Richards, G. A. Higgins, A.-M. Ouagazzal, L. Ozmen, J. N. C. Kew, B. Bohrmann, P. Malherbe, M. Brockhaus, H. Loetscher, C. Czech, et al.
PS2APP Transgenic Mice, Coexpressing hPS2mut and hAPPswe, Show Age-Related Cognitive Deficits Associated with Discrete Brain Amyloid Deposition and Inflammation
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2003; 23(26): 8989 - 9003.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. J. Mufson, M. D. Ikonomovic, S. D. Styren, S. E. Counts, J. Wuu, S. Leurgans, D. A. Bennett, Elizabeth. J. Cochran, and S. T. DeKosky
Preservation of Brain Nerve Growth Factor in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, August 1, 2003; 60(8): 1143 - 1148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. N. Chirita, M. Necula, and J. Kuret
Anionic Micelles and Vesicles Induce Tau Fibrillization in Vitro
J. Biol. Chem., July 3, 2003; 278(28): 25644 - 25650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Giannakopoulos, F. R. Herrmann, T. Bussiere, C. Bouras, E. Kovari, D. P. Perl, J. H. Morrison, G. Gold, and P. R. Hof
Tangle and neuron numbers, but not amyloid load, predict cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease
Neurology, May 13, 2003; 60(9): 1495 - 1500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. E. Counts, S. E. Perez, S. D. Ginsberg, S. de Lacalle, and E. J. Mufson
Galanin in Alzheimer Disease
Mol. Interv., May 1, 2003; 3(3): 137 - 156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. F. Reilly, D. Games, R. E. Rydel, S. Freedman, D. Schenk, W. G. Young, J. H. Morrison, and F. E. Bloom
Amyloid deposition in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex: Quantitative analysis of a transgenic mouse model
PNAS, April 15, 2003; 100(8): 4837 - 4842.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Yang, E. J. Mufson, and K. Herrup
Neuronal Cell Death Is Preceded by Cell Cycle Events at All Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2003; 23(7): 2557 - 2563.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. N. Pompl, S. Yemul, Z. Xiang, L. Ho, V. Haroutunian, D. Purohit, R. Mohs, and G. M. Pasinetti
Caspase Gene Expression in the Brain as a Function of the Clinical Progression of Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, March 1, 2003; 60(3): 369 - 376.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. T. Du, N. Schuff, X. P. Zhu, W. J. Jagust, B. L. Miller, B. R. Reed, J. H. Kramer, D. Mungas, K. Yaffe, H. C. Chui, et al.
Atrophy rates of entorhinal cortex in AD and normal aging
Neurology, February 11, 2003; 60(3): 481 - 486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Redwine, B. Kosofsky, R. E. Jacobs, D. Games, J. F. Reilly, J. H. Morrison, W. G. Young, and F. E. Bloom
Dentate gyrus volume is reduced before onset of plaque formation in PDAPP mice: A magnetic resonance microscopy and stereologic analysis
PNAS, February 4, 2003; 100(3): 1381 - 1386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
O. Lazarov, M. Lee, D. A. Peterson, and S. S. Sisodia
Evidence That Synaptically Released beta -Amyloid Accumulates as Extracellular Deposits in the Hippocampus of Transgenic Mice
J. Neurosci., November 15, 2002; 22(22): 9785 - 9793.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. Urbanc, L. Cruz, R. Le, J. Sanders, K. H. Ashe, K. Duff, H. E. Stanley, M. C. Irizarry, and B. T. Hyman
Neurotoxic effects of thioflavin S-positive amyloid deposits in transgenic mice and Alzheimer's disease
PNAS, October 29, 2002; 99(22): 13990 - 13995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. A. Corcoran, Y. Lu, R. S. Turner, and S. Maren
Overexpression of hAPPswe Impairs Rewarded Alternation and Contextual Fear Conditioning in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Learn. Mem., September 1, 2002; 9(5): 243 - 252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. J. Killiany, B. T. Hyman, T. Gomez-Isla, M. B. Moss, R. Kikinis, F. Jolesz, R. Tanzi, K. Jones, and M. S. Albert
MRI measures of entorhinal cortex vs hippocampus in preclinical AD
Neurology, April 23, 2002; 58(8): 1188 - 1196.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. B. DeMattos, K. R. Bales, D. J. Cummins, S. M. Paul, and D. M. Holtzman
Brain to Plasma Amyloid-beta Efflux: a Measure of Brain Amyloid Burden in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Science, March 22, 2002; 295(5563): 2264 - 2267.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. S. Woodruff-Pak and T. J. Gould
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: involvement in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, March 1, 2002; 1(1): 5 - 20.
[Abstract] [PDF]
N. Okamura, H. Arai, M. Maruyama, M. Higuchi, T. Matsui, H. Tanji, T. Seki, H. Hirai, H. Chiba, M. Itoh, et al.
Combined Analysis of CSF Tau Levels and [123I]Iodoamphetamine SPECT in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for a Novel Predictor of Alzheimer's Disease
Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 2002; 159(3): 474 - 476.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Matsuda, N. Kitayama, T. Ohnishi, T. Asada, S. Nakano, S. Sakamoto, E. Imabayashi, and A. Katoh
Longitudinal Evaluation of Both Morphologic and Functional Changes in the Same Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease
J. Nucl. Med., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 304 - 311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. Bondolfi, M. Calhoun, F. Ermini, H. G. Kuhn, K.-H. Wiederhold, L. Walker, M. Staufenbiel, and M. Jucker
Amyloid-Associated Neuron Loss and Gliogenesis in the Neocortex of Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice
J. Neurosci., January 15, 2002; 22(2): 515 - 522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Ohnishi, H. Matsuda, T. Tabira, T. Asada, and M. Uno
Changes in Brain Morphology in Alzheimer Disease and Normal Aging: Is Alzheimer Disease an Exaggerated Aging Process?
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., October 1, 2001; 22(9): 1680 - 1685.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. L. Price, A. I. Ko, M. J. Wade, S. K. Tsou, D. W. McKeel, and J. C. Morris
Neuron Number in the Entorhinal Cortex and CA1 in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, September 1, 2001; 58(9): 1395 - 1402.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. H. Salat, J. A. Kaye, and J. S. Janowsky
Selective Preservation and Degeneration Within the Prefrontal Cortex in Aging and Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, September 1, 2001; 58(9): 1403 - 1408.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. J. de Leon, A. Convit, O. T. Wolf, C. Y. Tarshish, S. DeSanti, H. Rusinek, W. Tsui, E. Kandil, A. J. Scherer, A. Roche, et al.
Prediction of cognitive decline in normal elderly subjects with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose/positron-emission tomography (FDG/PET)
PNAS, August 23, 2001; (2001) 191044198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Stephan, S. Laroche, and S. Davis
Generation of Aggregated {beta}-Amyloid in the Rat Hippocampus Impairs Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity and Causes Memory Deficits
J. Neurosci., August 1, 2001; 21(15): 5703 - 5714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K.A. Johnson, F. Lopera, K. Jones, A. Becker, R. Sperling, J. Hilson, J. Londono, I. Siegert, M. Arcos, S. Moreno, et al.
Presenilin-1-associated abnormalities in regional cerebral perfusion
Neurology, June 12, 2001; 56(11): 1545 - 1551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Conner, M. A. Darracq, J. Roberts, and M. H. Tuszynski
Nontropic actions of neurotrophins: Subcortical nerve growth factor gene delivery reverses age-related degeneration of primate cortical cholinergic innervation
PNAS, February 13, 2001; 98(4): 1941 - 1946.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. G. Csernansky, L. Wang, S. Joshi, J. P. Miller, M. Gado, D. Kido, D. McKeel, J. C. Morris, and M. I. Miller
Early DAT is distinguished from aging by high-dimensional mapping of the hippocampus
Neurology, December 12, 2000; 55(11): 1636 - 1643.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Zhang, C. Goodyer, and A. LeBlanc
Selective and Protracted Apoptosis in Human Primary Neurons Microinjected with Active Caspase-3, -6, -7, and -8
J. Neurosci., November 15, 2000; 20(22): 8384 - 8389.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
I. Greeve, I. Hermans-Borgmeyer, C. Brellinger, D. Kasper, T. Gomez-Isla, C. Behl, B. Levkau, and R. M. Nitsch
The Human DIMINUTO/DWARF1 Homolog Seladin-1 Confers Resistance to Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2000; 20(19): 7345 - 7352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. D. Smith, M. M. Adams, M. Gallagher, J. H. Morrison, and P. R. Rapp
Circuit-Specific Alterations in Hippocampal Synaptophysin Immunoreactivity Predict Spatial Learning Impairment in Aged Rats
J. Neurosci., September 1, 2000; 20(17): 6587 - 6593.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. Haroutunian, M. Serby, D. P. Purohit, D. P. Perl, D. Marin, M. Lantz, R. C. Mohs, and K. L. Davis
Contribution of Lewy Body Inclusions to Dementia in Patients With and Without Alzheimer Disease Neuropathological Conditions
Arch Neurol, August 1, 2000; 57(8): 1145 - 1150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. S. Albert and D. A. Drachman
Alzheimer's disease: What is it, how many people have it, and why do we need to know?
Neurology, July 25, 2000; 55(2): 166 - 168.
[Full Text] [PDF]
A. Takeuchi, M. C. Irizarry, K. Duff, T. C. Saido, K. Hsiao Ashe, M. Hasegawa, D. M. A. Mann, B. T. Hyman, and T. Iwatsubo
Age-Related Amyloid {beta} Deposition in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Both Alzheimer Mutant Presenilin 1 and Amyloid {beta} Precursor Protein Swedish Mutant Is Not Associated with Global Neuronal Loss
Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2000; 157(1): 331 - 339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. Binetti, J. J. Locascio, S. Corkin, J. P. Vonsattel, and J. H. Growdon
Differences Between Pick Disease and Alzheimer Disease in Clinical Appearance and Rate of Cognitive Decline
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2000; 57(2): 225 - 232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Gomez-Isla, W. B. Growdon, M. McNamara, K. Newell, E. Gomez-Tortosa, E. T. Hedley-Whyte, and B. T. Hyman
Clinicopathologic correlates in temporal cortex in dementia with Lewy bodies
Neurology, December 1, 1999; 53(9): 2003 - 2003.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. M. Hartley, D. M. Walsh, C. P. Ye, T. Diehl, S. Vasquez, P. M. Vassilev, D. B. Teplow, and Dennis. J. Selkoe
Protofibrillar Intermediates of Amyloid beta -Protein Induce Acute Electrophysiological Changes and Progressive Neurotoxicity in Cortical Neurons
J. Neurosci., October 15, 1999; 19(20): 8876 - 8884.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. K. Johnson, E. Head, R. Kim, A. Starr, and C. W. Cotman
Clinical and Pathological Evidence for a Frontal Variant of Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, October 1, 1999; 56(10): 1233 - 1239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. E. Smith, J. Roberts, F. H. Gage, and M. H. Tuszynski
Age-associated neuronal atrophy occurs in the primate brain and is reversible by growth factor gene therapy
PNAS, September 14, 1999; 96(19): 10893 - 10898.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. LeBlanc, H. Liu, C. Goodyer, C. Bergeron, and J. Hammond
Caspase-6 Role in Apoptosis of Human Neurons, Amyloidogenesis, and Alzheimer's Disease
J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 1999; 274(33): 23426 - 23436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Meguro, X. Blaizot, Y. Kondoh, C. Le Mestric, J. C. Baron, and C. Chavoix
Neocortical and hippocampal glucose hypometabolism following neurotoxic lesions of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices in the non-human primate as shown by PET: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
Brain, August 1, 1999; 122(8): 1519 - 1531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Funato, M. Enya, M. Yoshimura, M. Morishima-Kawashima, and Y. Ihara
Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Stable Amyloid {beta}-Protein Dimers in the Hippocampus CA1 Not Exhibiting Neurofibrillary Tangle Formation
Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 1999; 155(1): 23 - 28.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. Haroutunian, D. P. Purohit, D. P. Perl, D. Marin, K. Khan, M. Lantz, K. L. Davis, and R. C. Mohs
Neurofibrillary Tangles in Nondemented Elderly Subjects and Mild Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, June 1, 1999; 56(6): 713 - 718.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Walter, A. Schindzielorz, J. Grunberg, and C. Haass
Phosphorylation of presenilin-2 regulates its cleavage by caspases and retards progression of apoptosis
PNAS, February 16, 1999; 96(4): 1391 - 1396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. J. Ivins, J. K. Ivins, J. P. Sharp, and C. W. Cotman
Multiple Pathways of Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. CrmA INHIBITS APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY beta -AMYLOID
J. Biol. Chem., January 22, 1999; 274(4): 2107 - 2112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K Juottonen, M Lehtovirta, S Helisalmi, P J R. Sr, and H Soininen
Major decrease in the volume of the entorhinal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease carrying the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, September 1, 1998; 65(3): 322 - 327.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
B. T. Hyman
New Neuropathological Criteria for Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, September 1, 1998; 55(9): 1174 - 1176.
[Full Text] [PDF]
V. Haroutunian, D. P. Perl, D. P. Purohit, D. Marin, K. Khan, M. Lantz, K. L. Davis, and R. C. Mohs
Regional Distribution of Neuritic Plaques in the Nondemented Elderly and Subjects With Very Mild Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, September 1, 1998; 55(9): 1185 - 1191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|