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Volume 16, Number 16, Issue of August 15, 1996 pp. 4949-4957
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience

Myomodulin Gene of Lymnaea: Structure, Expression, and Analysis of Neuropeptides

Received March 22, 1996; revised May 22, 1996; accepted May 24, 1996.

Elaine Kellett, Stephen J. Perry, Niovi Santama, Belinda M. Worster, Paul R. Benjamin, and Julian F. Burke

Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom

The myomodulin family of neuropeptides is an important group of neural cotransmitters in molluscs and is known to be present in the neural network that controls feeding behavior in the snail Lymnaea. Here we show that a single gene encodes five structurally similar forms of myomodulin: GLQMLRLamide, QIPMLRLamide, SMSMLRLamide, SLSMLRLamide, and PMSMLRLamide, the latter being present in nine copies. Analysis of the organization of the gene indicates that it is transcribed as a single spliced transcript from an upstream promoter region that contains multiple cAMP-responsive elements, as well as putative elements with homology to tissue-specific promoter-binding sites. The presence in nervous tissue of two of the peptides, GLQMLRLamide and PMSMLRLamide, is confirmed by mass spectrometry. In situ hybridization analysis indicates that the gene is expressed in specific cells in all ganglia of the CNS of Lymnaea, which will allow physiological analysis of the function of myomodulins at the level of single identified neurons.

Key words: myomodulin; neuropeptide; gene; Lymnaea; molluscs; neuronal modulation

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