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Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 16, Number 17, Issue of September 1, 1996 pp. 5425-5436
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceCalcium Influx via the NMDA Receptor Induces Immediate Early Gene Transcription by a MAP Kinase/ERK-Dependent Mechanism
Received Jan. 31, 1996; revised June 6, 1996; accepted June 18, 1996.
Zhengui Xia, Henryk Dudek, Cindy K. Miranti, and Michael E. Greenberg Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
The regulation of gene expression by neurotransmitters is likely to play a key role in neuroplasticity both during development and in the adult animal. Therefore, it is important to determine the mechanisms of neuronal gene regulation to understand fully the mechanisms of learning, memory, and other long-term adaptive changes in neurons. The neurotransmitter glutamate stimulates rapid and transient induction of many genes, including the c-fos proto-oncogene. The c-fos promoter contains several critical regulatory elements, including the serum response element (SRE), that mediate glutamate-induced transcription in neurons; however, the mechanism by which the SRE functions in neurons has not been defined. In this study, we sought to identify transcription factors that mediate glutamate induction of transcription through the SRE in cortical neurons and to elucidate the mechanism(s) of transcriptional activation by these factors. To facilitate this analysis, we developed an improved calcium phosphate coprecipitation procedure to transiently introduce DNA into primary neurons, both efficiently and consistently. Using this protocol, we demonstrate that the transcription factors serum response factor (SRF) and Elk-1 can mediate glutamate induction of transcription through the SRE in cortical neurons. There are at least two distinct pathways by which glutamate signals through the SRE: an SRF-dependent pathway that can operate in the absence of Elk and an Elk-dependent pathway. Activation of the Elk-dependent pathway of transcription seems to require phosphorylation of Elk-1 by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), providing evidence for a physiological function of ERKs in glutamate signaling in neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that SRF, Elk, and ERKs may have important roles in neuroplasticity.
Key words: transfection; neurons; transcription, c-fos; glutamate; MAP kinase; ERK; SRF; Elk
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W. G. Chen, A. E. West, X. Tao, G. Corfas, M. N. Szentirmay, M. Sawadogo, C. Vinson, and M. E. Greenberg
Upstream Stimulatory Factors Are Mediators of Ca2+-Responsive Transcription in Neurons
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2003; 23(7): 2572 - 2581.
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V. S. Seybold, K. E. McCarson, P. G. Mermelstein, R. D. Groth, and L. G. Abrahams
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Regulates Expression of Neurokinin1 Receptors by Rat Spinal Neurons
J. Neurosci., March 1, 2003; 23(5): 1816 - 1824.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Dolmetsch
Excitation-Transcription Coupling: Signaling by Ion Channels to the Nucleus
Sci. Signal., January 21, 2003; 2003(166): pe4 - pe4.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J.-R. Lee, H. Shin, J. Ko, J. Choi, H. Lee, and E. Kim
Characterization of the Movement of the Kinesin Motor KIF1A in Living Cultured Neurons
J. Biol. Chem., January 17, 2003; 278(4): 2624 - 2629.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. D. T. Samuel, R. A. Silva, and V. N. Murthy
Synaptic Activity of the AFD Neuron in Caenorhabditis elegans Correlates with Thermotactic Memory
J. Neurosci., January 15, 2003; 23(2): 373 - 376.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Hetman, S.-L. Hsuan, A. Habas, M. J. Higgins, and Z. Xia
ERK1/2 Antagonizes Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta -induced Apoptosis in Cortical Neurons
J. Biol. Chem., December 13, 2002; 277(51): 49577 - 49584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Desai, D. Turetsky, K. Vasudevan, and A. Buonanno
Analysis of Transcriptional Regulatory Sequences of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor 2A Subunit Gene in Cultured Cortical Neurons and Transgenic Mice
J. Biol. Chem., November 22, 2002; 277(48): 46374 - 46384.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Pak, N. Pham, and D. Rotin
Direct Binding of the {beta}1 Adrenergic Receptor to the Cyclic AMP-Dependent Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor CNrasGEF Leads to Ras Activation
Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2002; 22(22): 7942 - 7952.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
X. Mao, A. M. Moerman, and S. W. Barger
Neuronal kappa B-binding Factors Consist of Sp1-related Proteins. FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR AUTOREGULATION OF N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR-1 EXPRESSION
J. Biol. Chem., November 15, 2002; 277(47): 44911 - 44919.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Spotts, R. E. Dolmetsch, and M. E. Greenberg
Time-lapse imaging of a dynamic phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interaction in mammalian cells
PNAS, November 12, 2002; 99(23): 15142 - 15147.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Brownlees, S. Ackerley, A. J. Grierson, N. J.O. Jacobsen, K. Shea, B. H. Anderton, P. N. Leigh, C. E. Shaw, and C. C.J. Miller
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neurofilament mutations disrupt neurofilament assembly and axonal transport
Hum. Mol. Genet., November 1, 2002; 11(23): 2837 - 2844.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Haapasalo, I. Sipola, K. Larsson, K. E. O. Akerman, P. Stoilov, S. Stamm, G. Wong, and E. Castren
Regulation of TRKB Surface Expression by Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Truncated TRKB Isoforms
J. Biol. Chem., November 1, 2002; 277(45): 43160 - 43167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Renaud-Young and W. J. Gallin
In the First Extracellular Domain of E-cadherin, Heterophilic Interactions, but Not the Conserved His-Ala-Val Motif, Are Required for Adhesion
J. Biol. Chem., October 11, 2002; 277(42): 39609 - 39616.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Tottene, T. Fellin, S. Pagnutti, S. Luvisetto, J. Striessnig, C. Fletcher, and D. Pietrobon
Familial hemiplegic migraine mutations increase Ca2+ influx through single human CaV2.1 channels and decrease maximal CaV2.1 current density in neurons
PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 13284 - 13289.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. H. Ghahremani, E. Keramaris, T. Shree, Z. Xia, R. J. Davis, R. Flavell, R. S. Slack, and D. S. Park
Interaction of the c-Jun/JNK Pathway and Cyclin-dependent Kinases in Death of Embryonic Cortical Neurons Evoked by DNA Damage
J. Biol. Chem., September 13, 2002; 277(38): 35586 - 35596.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. A. Utton, J. Connell, A. A. Asuni, M. van Slegtenhorst, M. Hutton, R. de Silva, A. J. Lees, C. C. J. Miller, and B. H. Anderton
The Slow Axonal Transport of the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau and the Transport Rates of Different Isoforms and Mutants in Cultured Neurons
J. Neurosci., August 1, 2002; 22(15): 6394 - 6400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Yang, G. Shaw, and M. K. Raizada
ANG II stimulation of neuritogenesis involves protein kinase B in brain neurons
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): R107 - R114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Steiner, J.-C. F. Sarria, L. Glauser, S. Magnin, S. Catsicas, and H. Hirling
Modulation of receptor cycling by neuron-enriched endosomal protein of 21 kD
J. Cell Biol., June 24, 2002; 157(7): 1197 - 1209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. K. Bobanovic, S. J. Royle, and R. D. Murrell-Lagnado
P2X Receptor Trafficking in Neurons Is Subunit Specific
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2002; 22(12): 4814 - 4824.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Calabresi, E. Saulle, D. Centonze, A. Pisani, G. A. Marfia, and G. Bernardi
Post-ischaemic long-term synaptic potentiation in the striatum: a putative mechanism for cell type-specific vulnerability
Brain, April 1, 2002; 125(4): 844 - 860.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Kouznetsova, B. Kelley, M. Shen, and S. A. Thayer
Desensitization of Cannabinoid-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition of Neurotransmission Between Rat Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 2002; 61(3): 477 - 485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Francis and E. S. Deneris
Retinal Neuron Activity of ETS Domain-binding Sites in a Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Cluster Enhancer
J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2002; 277(8): 6511 - 6519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Yang, X. Wang, C. Sumners, and M. K. Raizada
Obligatory Role of Protein Kinase C{beta} and MARCKS in Vesicular Trafficking in Living Neurons
Hypertension, February 1, 2002; 39(2): 567 - 572.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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