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Volume 16, Number 18,
Issue of September 15, 1996
pp. 5629-5643
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience
Rapid, Active Hair Bundle Movements in Hair Cells from the
Bullfrog's Sacculus
Received April 24, 1996; revised June 27, 1996; accepted July 2, 1996.
Michael E. Benser,
Robert E. Marquis, and
A. J. Hudspeth
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory
Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
10021
Hair bundles, the mechanically sensitive organelles of hair cells
in the auditory and vestibular systems, are elastic structures that are
deflected by sound or acceleration. To examine rapid mechanical events
associated with mechanoelectrical transduction, we stimulated
individual hair bundles with flexible glass fibers and measured their
responses with a temporal resolution of 400 µsec. When a hair bundle
from the bullfrog's sacculus was abruptly deflected in the positive
direction, the bundle's motion in the direction of stimulation was
interrupted within the initial few milliseconds by an active movement,
or twitch. This response was biphasic, with an initial component in the
direction of the stimulus and a second component in the opposite
direction. The amplitude and duration of the twitch depended on the
bundle's initial position and the size and rise time of the stimulus;
the twitch was largest over the range of bundle deflections in which
transduction was most sensitive. Under displacement clamp conditions,
in which a hair bundle's position was changed and then held constant
with negative feedback, the twitch manifested itself as a biphasic
force exerted by the bundle. Some hair bundles produced twitches in
response to negatively directed stimuli, exhibited stimulus-evoked
damped oscillations, or twitched spontaneously. The hair bundle's
ability to perform work against an external load and to oscillate in
response to stimulation indicates that the bundle could supply feedback
for mechanical amplification in vertebrate auditory organs.
Key words:
auditory system;
frog;
hair bundle;
hair cell;
ion channel;
mechanics;
mechanoelectrical transduction;
myosin;
vestibular system
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