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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 595-604, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Estradiol reduces calcium currents in rat neostriatal neurons via a membrane receptor
PG Mermelstein, JB Becker and DJ Surmeier
Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104, USA.
Until recently, steroid hormones were believed to act only on cells
containing intracellular receptors. However, recent evidence suggests that
steroids have specific and rapid effects at the cellular membrane. Using
whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, 17 beta-estradiol was found to reduce
Ba2+ entry reversibly via Ca2+ channels in acutely dissociated and cultured
neostriatal neurons. The effects were sex-specific, i.e., the reduction of
Ba2+ currents was greater in neurons taken from female rats. 17
beta-Estradiol primarily targeted L-type currents, and their inhibition was
detected reliably within seconds of administration. The maximum reduction
by 17 beta-estradiol occurred at picomolar concentrations. 17
beta-Estradiol conjugated to bovine serum albumin also reduced Ba2+
currents, suggesting that the effect occurs at the membrane surface.
Dialysis with GTP gamma S prevented reversal of the modulation, suggesting
that 17 beta-estradiol acts via G-protein activation. 17 alpha-Estradiol
also reduced Ba2+ currents but was significantly less effective than 17
beta-estradiol. Estriol and 4- hydroxyestradiol were found to reduce Ba2+
currents with similar efficacy to 17 beta-estradiol, whereas estrone and
2-methoxyestriol were less effective. Tamoxifen also reduced Ba2+ currents
but did not occlude the effect of 17 beta-estradiol. These results suggest
that at physiological concentrations, 17 beta-estradiol can have immediate
actions on neostriatal neurons via nongenomic signaling pathways.
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