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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 649-662, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Regeneration of sensory cells after laser ablation in the lateral line system: hair cell lineage and macrophage behavior revealed by time- lapse video microscopy
JE Jones and JT Corwin
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
The regeneration of sensory hair cells in lateral line neuromasts of
axolotls was investigated via nearly continuous time-lapse microscopic
observation after all preexisting hair cells were killed by a laser
microbeam. The laser treatments left neuromasts with one resident cell
type, which was supporting cells. Over the course of 1 week, replacement
hair cells arose either directly via differentiation of cells present in
the epithelium from the beginning of the time-lapse period or via the
development of cells produced after one or two divisions of supporting
cells. All of the cell divisions that produced hair cells were
asymmetrical. During the first hour after the treatment, macrophages and
smaller leukocytes were attracted to the laser-treated neuromasts. The
smaller leukocytes returned to control levels 48-60 hr after the treatment,
whereas macrophages remained active there throughout the period of hair
cell replacement. Macrophage incidence peaked 36-48 hr after the laser
treatment. Macrophages phagocytosed damaged hair cells and supporting
cells, as well as new cells and preexisting cells without recognizable
damage. The results provide direct evidence of hair cells arising as
progeny produced from the divisions of supporting cells, evidence of hair
cells and supporting cells arising from the same cell division, evidence
relating to the timing of hair cell differentiation, and indirect evidence
pertaining to proposals that hair cells sometimes arise via conversion of
cells without an intervening division. The results also suggest that
macrophages may influence early stages in the process of hair cell
regeneration.
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